Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar 动词(短语)不定式、动名词和分词(短语)作表语 [观察] 1．(教材P38)Every artist's wish is to create something that expresses an idea． 2．(教材P39)One way for him to find inspiration is turning to his children's toys． 3．(教材P39)He was particularly interested in the old story about ．．． 4．(教材P39)To listen to Tan's music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences． 5．(教材P39)．．．she has been known as the “Peacock Princess”． [归纳] 动词不定式、动名词、分词(短语)都可以在句中作表语。句1和句4中是动词不定式作表语；句2中是动词­ing形式/动名词短语作表语；句3和句5中是动词­ed形式/过去分词作表语。 1．动词短语不定式放在be，become，sound，taste，seem，appear等系动词后面常表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用，其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job，goal，aim，way等表示意向、打算、计划的词及what 引导的主语从句等。 Her wish is to become a key college student after graduating from high school． 她的愿望是高中毕业后成为一名名校大学生。 What he wanted to suggest is to cut down the price and increase the sales． 他想建议的是降低价格，增加销售量。 2．动词(短语)不定式作表语时也常用来表示预定要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow． 明天学生们将在学校大门口见面。 Her plan is to be a failure． 她的计划注定是要失败的。 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①What an employee should do with an urgent task is to_finish(finish) it on time． ②My main work is to teach children how to_learn(learn) English well． 动名词(短语)作表语通常是对主语进行解释、说明。这时主语和表语位置可以互换。 My job is looking after the children． 我的工作是照看这些孩子。 What I hate most is being laughed at． ＝Being laughed at is what I hate most． 我最恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 动词不定式作表语，强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动名词作表语，强调的是一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作。 His job is to paint the walls within two hours． 他的工作是在两小时内粉刷这些墙壁。(这个工作是一次性的、具体的、目前要做的事情，并不是他日常的工作) His job is painting walls． 他的工作是粉刷墙壁。(这是他日常的工作) [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Their job is making(make) wheelchairs for disabled people． ②His habit is walking(walk) the dog after supper． 1．分词(短语)作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词(短语)几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing，amusing，annoying，astonishing，boring，charming等。 The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging． 我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。 His repeated absence (from school) is wo