内容正文:
2024中考备考重点语法
知识点汇总与解题方法---情态动词
1.情态动词的概述及特征
1).情态动词概述
情态动词主要用以表明说话者对某一行为的态度或观点,主要包括揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。
英语中常用的情态动词有 can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,had better,have to等。
2).情态动词的特征
(1)有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,要和动词原形一起构成谓语。
He may come tomorrow.
他可能明天来。
She can play the piano.
她能弹钢琴。
You should be careful.
你应该小心点。
(2)在形式上,情态动词没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)
We/He/You must work hard.
我们/他/你(们)必须努力工作。
(3)具有助动词的作用,即可构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略答语中。
-Can you swim?你会游泳吗?
-No,I can't,不,我不会。
情态动词的否定式一般是在情态动词的后面加否定词构成。
情态动词
否定式
简略形式
can
cannot
can't
could
could not
couldn't
may
may not
mayn't
might
might not
mightn't
must
must not
mustn't
shall
shall not
shan't
should
should not
shouldn't
will
will not
won't
would
would not
wouldn't
need
need not
needn't
have to
do not have to
don't have to
ought to
ought not to
oughtn't to
dare
dare not
daren't
had better
had better not
‘d better not
(4)有些情态动词有过去式,有些没有。
can-could
may-might
shall-should
will-would
have to-had to
dare-dared
2情态动词的用法
1).can和could的用法
用法
例句
表示能力
(could为can的过去式,表过去的能力)
Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldn't 10 years ago.
现在我们有些人会使用电脑,但十年前我们不会。
表示“允许”和“许可”
(could与can没有时间上的差别,用could 比用can在语气上更委婉、客气,could一般用于疑问句中,肯定回答时要改用can)
You can park your car here.
你可以把车停在这里。
-Can I use your pen?
我可以用你的钢笔吗?
-Yes,you can.
是的,你可以。
-No,you can't.
不,你不可以。
-Could I try those shoes on please?
我可以试穿一下那些鞋吗?
-Of course,you can.
当然,可以。
/No,I'm afraid not. 不,恐怕不行。
can表示客观的可能性,
意为“可能会”,多用于肯定句
Anyone can make mistakes.
任何人都可能犯错。
Children can be noisy sometimes.
小孩有时很吵闹。
It can be very hot in our city in summer.
我们城市的夏天有时会很热。
表示推测,
can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句
(could 偶尔也会在肯定句中出现),could只表示可能性比can小,而不表示时态
There's no light on-they can't be at home.
没有灯亮,他们肯定不在家。
could have done 表示“本能做但没做”;
couldn't have done 表示“过去不可能做某事”
We could have gone there on foot and a taxi wasn't necessary at all.
本来我们可以走着去那儿,根本没必要乘出租车。
构成的短语和特殊句式
cannot/can't. . .too/enough 表示“无论怎样都不过分,越