UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【高考领航】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册同步核心辅导与测评（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language 非限制性定语从句 观察以下课文原句并思考黑体部分的语法功能 1．I walk through the doors into the waiting area, where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. 2．People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. 3．I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. 4．Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be helpful. 【语法感悟】 1．非限制性定语从句对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用，主句和从句之间常用逗号隔开； 2．句1中where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的the waiting area； 3．句2中用了“不定代词＋of＋which”引导非限制性定语从句； 4．句3中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的nurse； 5．句4中which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。 一、非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词的选择(非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导) 关系代词 所指 所作成分 who 指人 主语 whom 指人 宾语(不能省略，不能用who替代) which 指代整个主句或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等 whose 指人或指物 定语 as 指代整个主句 主语/宾语等 ◆Li Ming, who is my cousin, has gradually adjusted to the life in America. 李明是我的表弟，他已经逐渐适应了美国的生活。 ◆Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. 彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 ◆Tom, whose father is one of my old friends, came to see me from London. 汤姆是我的一个老朋友的儿子，他从伦敦来看我。 ◆Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which is what his parents expect. 汤姆学习努力且乐于助人，这正是他父母所期望的。 2．关系副词的选择(关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which来引导) 关系副词 所指 所作成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象地点名词 地点状语 ◆Our graduation ceremony will be held in July, when we will say goodbye to our teachers. 我们的毕业典礼将在七月举行，那时我们将和老师们告别。 ◆They went to London, where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦，在那儿待了六个月。 ◆None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent. 我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 [温馨提示]　as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词 指代 意义 从句位置 as 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 正如；就像 可位于句首、句中或句末 which 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分 这一点；这/那 一般位于主句之后 as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：as we all know/as is known to all众所周知；as you can see如你所见；as is expected 正如预料的那样；as has been said above如上所述；as is often the case这是常见的情况。 [即时演练1]　用非限制性定语从句合并下列