2023年中考英语复习 现在分词 讲义

现在分词 现在分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，现在分词有双重性，既有形容词的性质，又有动词的性质；所以现在分词可以在句子中作表语、定语、状语、补足语。 1. 现在分词作定语 1.1大部分现在分词几乎都可以在句子中作定语，修饰一个名词。 Avid rain has a devastating effect on us. 现在分词作定语往往表示所修饰名词的动作。比如： sleeping beauty睡美人 running water自来水 a walking dictionary活字典 the working personnel员工 a living language活的语言 1.2现在分词还可以构成合成形容词作定语 long-standing policy长期政策 never-ending work没完没了的工作 a good-looking girl漂亮的女生 close-fitting clothes紧身服 A time -consuming job费时的工作 An easy-going man随和的人 1.3现在分词用在名词后作定语，相当于一个定语从句。把现在分词短语改为定语从句时，从句谓语可以是一个一般时态的动词，也可以是一个进行时态的动词。 We are brothers sharing everything=We are brothers who share everything. There are 50 students studying in the art school.=There are 50 students who are studying in the art school. 2.现在分词作补足语 有两类：形容词性质的现在分词作补足语;具有动作性质的现在分词作补足语。 He find the math book very interesting. 表示感官的动词和动词短语see/watch/notice/hear/listen to/look at/feel等和表示“使，让”的动词have、get、make等，可跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“看见/注意/感觉 某人正在做某事”。 I notice him passing by my house. I hear the door bell ring. 3.作状语 现在分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随或方式状语、目的状语、评论性状语、条件状语。 Having finished the lecture, I felt very happy.（时间状语） Living closely to school, he needn’t get up early in the morning.（原因状语） The rain lasted 3 days, causing great damage.（结果状语） He is lying in bed, crying.（伴随状语） He always keeps silent, trying not to show his feelings.（目的状语） Personally speaking, it’s a good idea.（评论状语） 4. 现在分词具有谓语功能 现在分词虽然属于非谓语动词，不能独立做谓语，但是可以构成各种时态，此时就具有了谓语的功能。 My parents were watching at that time. He is cooking now. She is playing the piano now. I will be seeing you at the meeting next week. 5. 现在分词的各种时态 时态/语态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 否定形式在doing前加 not 5.1一般式表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作 Holding the rope, he stretches out the other to the boy in the water. 5.2完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作 Having been ill for one week, I felt very weak. 5.3 被动形式 现在分词的被动形式的一般式作状语,常用done 替代。 Being surrounded, he was forced to surrender.（分词作状语） =surrounded ,he was forced to surrender.（分词作状语） Because he was surrounded ,he was f