内容正文:
被动语态
Passive voice
(含练习及答案)
· 主动语态和被动语态
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。
当主语为动作的执行者时,谓语的形式为主动语态;当主语为动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。例如:
Many people speak English. (主动语态,句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者)
English is spoken by many people. (被动语态,句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者)
又如:
Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(主动语态)
The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.(被动语态)
· 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
· 被动语态的形式
肯定式
否定式
疑问式
I am asked...
I am not asked...
Am I asked...?
He/She is asked...
He/She is not asked...
Is he/she asked...?
We/You/They are asked...
We/You/They are not asked...
Are we/you/they asked...?
· 被动语态的用法
被动语态是英语中的一种句子结构,用来强调动作的承受者(受事者)而不是执行者。
1. 强调动作的承受者:
Active: The chef prepares the meal.
Passive: The meal is prepared by the chef.
2. 当执行者不明确或不重要时:
Active: They sell the tickets at the counter.
Passive: The tickets are sold at the counter.
3. 当动作是常规或普遍的时候:
Active: People speak English all over the world.
Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
· 一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态用来描述在现在发生的动作或状态,并强调动作的承受者。
一般现在时的被动语态的构成是由助动词 "am/is/are"(取决于主语的人称和数)加上动词的过去分词形式来完成的。
一般现在时的被动语态的句式及示例:
肯定句:
主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
- The house is cleaned every week.(这所房子每周打扫。)
- The books are delivered to the library.(这些书被送到图书馆。)
否定句:
主语 + am not/is not/are not + 过去分词
- The project is not completed yet.(这个项目还没有完成。)
- The documents are not signed by the manager.(这些文件没有经理签字。)
- The tickets are not sold online.(这些票不在线上售卖。)
疑问句:
Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
- Is the room cleaned regularly?(这个房间定期打扫吗?)
- Are the students taught by the same teacher?(这些学生是由同一个老师教的吗?)
【练习检测】
将下列句子翻译成英文:
1. 这个问题经常被讨论。
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2. 这份报告由专家撰写。
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3. 这些产品每天都被生产。
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4. 这个项目正在被团队完成。
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