内容正文:
双宾语结构
——直接宾语,间接宾语
direct object (DO) & indirect object (IO)
(含练习及答案)
双宾语结构是指一个动词后面可以接两个宾语,分别是直接宾语(direct object)和间接宾语(indirect object)。
· 直接宾语与间接宾语:
直接宾语接受动作的直接影响,而间接宾语是动作的接受者或受益者。
(I)It tells us the story of Wang Lifa and the customers of his teahouse in Beijing. 该话剧 为我们讲述的是北京一家茶馆的老板王利发和他的顾客们的故事。
(II)Lao She Teahouse gives a warm welcome to everyone from all over the world. 老舍茶 馆热情地欢迎来自世界各地的人们。
可以看出,(I)采用了“动词 + 人 + 物”的表达方式,(II)采用了“动词 + 物 + 人”的方式。 句中动词后面所接的是双宾语,其中人(第一句中的 us 与第二句中的 everyone)为间接 宾语,物(第一句中的 the story 和第二句中的 a warm welcome)为直接宾语。
又如:
He gave me a gift.(他给了我一份礼物。)
- 直接宾语:a gift
- 间接宾语:me
She showed them the painting.(她向他们展示了那幅画。)
- 直接宾语:the painting
- 间接宾语:them
They sent him a postcard.(他们给他寄了一张明信片。)
- 直接宾语:a postcard
- 间接宾语:him
Can you tell us the story?(你能给我们讲讲这个故事吗?)
- 直接宾语:the story
- 间接宾语:us
· 用法:
可以接双宾语的动词很多,常见的有:give, bring, lend, pass, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell 等。例如:
1. buy(买):
- She bought him a book.(她给他买了一本书。)
- They bought their children some toys.(他们给他们的孩子买了一些玩具。)
2. offer(提供):
- We offered her a job.(我们给她提供了一份工作。)
- He offered us his assistance.(他向我们提供了帮助。)
3. teach(教):
- He taught me English.(他教我英语。)
- They taught their students mathematics.(他们教他们的学生数学。)
4. lend(借出):
- She lent me her car.(她把车借给了我。)
- They lent their neighbor some money.(他们借给了邻居一些钱。)
5. show(展示):
- He showed her his artwork.(他向她展示了他的艺术作品。)
- They showed the guests around the city.(他们带着客人参观了这个城市。)
6. promise(承诺):
- She promised him a gift.(她答应给他一份礼物。)
- They promised their parents good grades.(他们答应父母亲取得好成绩。)
· 注意:
双宾语结构为“动词 + 物 + 人”时,间接宾语(人)前要加入适当的介词。
根据动词的不同,有时用 to,有时用 for。
例如:
He gave a gift to me. 他给了我一份礼物。
She showed the painting to them. 她向他们展示了那幅画。
My brother bought some storybooks for me. 我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。
Waiters bring tea to the customers. 服务员给顾客上茶。
· 常见结构:
1. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.(给某人做某物)
- She cooked her family a delicious dinner.(她给她的家人做了一顿美味的晚餐。)
- He cooked breakfas