语法专题4 第2讲 定语从句-【优化探究】2024高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套教参（人教版 新教材 老高考）

第二讲　定语从句 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 2．(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. 3．(2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)． Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.what→which 2．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.what→that 考点一　关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略) whom 人 宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(在限制性定语从句中其前无介词时可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 (一)关系代词that与which的用法辨析 1．只用that的情况 (1)先行词是all，everything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； (2)先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； (3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级； (4)先行词被the only，the very (正好、恰好)，the last等修饰时； (5)先行词中既有人也有物； (6)在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句； (7)先行词是the way，并在定语从句中充当状语时，关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。 There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 2．先行词指物时，只用which的情况 (1)引导非限制性定语从句； (2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前； (3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。 The boy was away from home for a week，which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。 We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得信息的时代。 (二)which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 － which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 从句谓语通常是表示感觉或心理活动的词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……那样” The building，which we are looking at，used to be a hospital.我们正在看的这幢大楼曾经是一家医院。 As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况，医生到的时候埃米就好些了。 [特别提醒]　as引导限制性定语从句常用于