内容正文:
第二讲 非谓语动词
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching (ache) legs.
2.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of visiting (visit) the place.
3.(2021·全国乙卷)Accommodations aim to_have (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.preparing→prepare
2.(2022·全国乙卷)So you are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution.
cause→causing
3.(2021·全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.talk→talking
考点一 动词不定式
(一) 基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,时态和语态变化(以build为例)如下:
时态
语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to build
to be built
进行式
to be building
-
完成式
to have built
to have been built
(二)不定式的基本用法
1.作主语:不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。常用it作形式主语, 而不定式作真正的主语。此外,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期更新数据是很重要的。
[特别提醒] 在“It is/was+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中,若形容词侧重于评价人物的特征,如:kind,nice,foolish等,介词用of;若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点,则介词用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It is important for us to live a low-carbon life.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2.作表语:不定式作表语常表示将来的具体的动作或状态。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
3.作宾语
(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词:decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,afford,happen,wait,threaten等。
She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant,waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁,等着上菜。
(2)动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后,常用it作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
4.作宾语补足语:常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,advise,allow,appoint,cause,challenge,command,drive,enable,encourage,forbid,force,hire,instruct,invite,order,permit等。
He wants yo