循序写作-【优化探究】2024高考英语一轮复习高考总复习配套教参（外研版 老教材 老高考）

第一部分　五维剖析评分标准 一　如何理解“应用了较多的词汇” 可以从高级词汇、同义词及短语的使用方面去理解这里所说的“词汇”。 1．高级词汇的使用 “高级词汇”指的是列入课标但使用率较少或没有列入课标但在实际运用中却出现得比较频繁的词汇，比如frustration，awfully等。 例：(1)(2020·全国Ⅱ卷，书面表达)After a day of picking，I felt very tired. From this experience I learnt that we should love our food. →After a day of picking，I felt very exhausted. From this unforgettable experience I learnt that we should cherish our food. (2)I'm glad to hear that you will come to visit China this summer holiday. →I'm glad to hear that you've scheduled a visit to China this summer holiday. 高级词汇的选择可坚持三个原则：①“晚词”优先。能用高中学习的词汇时，就不用初中学习的词汇。如表示“困难的”， difficult可换成challenging。②“具体化”优先。如“I go to school every day.”比“I ride to school every day.”要逊色。③大纲衍生词优先。如certainly可换成obviously(明显地)，undoubtedly (毫无疑问地)或evidently (显然地)。 【特别提示】　生词、长词未必就是高级词汇。用一些连阅卷老师都不熟悉的词汇，不会为你的文章带来高分。 2．同义词的使用 在写作中要尽量避免使用如interesting，clever等让人感觉“千人一面”的词汇。我们可以尝试使用它们相应的同义词。 例：(1)The activity is interesting. →The activity is a lot of fun. (2)Suddenly I had a good idea. →Suddenly a good idea hit me. 3．短语的使用 短语更能显出作者的功底。如use转换为make use of；visit转换为pay a visit to；be important转换为be of importance等。 例：(1)(2020·全国Ⅲ卷，书面表达)I'm writing in the hope that you could help us. →I'm writing in the hope that you could do us a favor/give us a hand. (2)You should try it again. →You are supposed to try it again. 二　如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构” “较多的语法结构”指的是句式结构的多样性。固定句式(感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等)、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。对这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感。 1．使用固定句式 例：(2020·全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达)When I saw the topic I thought of my math teacher. →No sooner had I seen the topic than I thought of my math teacher. 2．长短相间 长句表述具体，说明严密；短句简明精练，简单易懂。“长短错落有致，句式丰富多样”的文章能带给阅卷老师明快的感觉。 (1)复合句和并列句之间的转换 例：If you study hard，you'll succeed in time. →Study hard and you'll succeed in time. (2)并列句与简单句之间的转换 例：(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷，写作)Our school tended to enrich our school life and promote sports spirits, so our school organized a 5 km cross－country running race. →To enrich our school life and promote sports spirits，our school organized a 5 km cross－country run