Unit4 Period Ⅱ Grammar-【优化探究】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套教参（人教版）

Period Ⅱ　Grammar 单元语法：The present perfect continuous tense (现在完成进行时) 授课提示：对应学生用书第104页 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性 (1)[教材原文] An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. (2)[教材原文] We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. 以上两句黑体部分都是现在完成进行时态。其基本构成：have/has＋been＋doing。 [知识精要] 一、现在完成进行时的构成 have/has＋been＋现在分词 The tobacco industry has been trying to improve its image.烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去并且一直持续到现在。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍将继续进行下去，常与延续性动词连用，并常带有表示动作起止时间的状语，如since last week，since 2000等或由since引导的时间状语从句；还可以带有表示时间的状语，如for an hour，these days等。 We have been studying here since two years ago.从两年前，我们就一直在这里学习。 (2)表示不久前刚结束的动作。这种意义通常根据上下文判断。 Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she has been crying for a long time.她的眼睛红红的。显然她哭了很长时间。 (3)强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。 She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。 (4)表示一段时间内反复发生的事情。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们经常见面。 [名师点津]　短暂性动词和状态动词如go，come，finish，like，leave，know等不用于现在完成进行时。 [即学即练1] 单句语法填空 ①He has been doing (do) the work for two hours. ②She has been reciting (recite) the words all the morning. 完成句子 ③他们一直在造一艘船。 They have been building a ship. ④这话她已经说了20遍了。 She has been saying that twenty times. ⑤从上星期天开始就一直在下雪。 It has been snowing since last Sunday. 三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别 － 现在完成 进行时 现在完 成时 强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 √ 强调动作的延续性 √ 强调动作重复 √ 表达生动，含有感情色彩 √ 说明一个事实、一种影响或结果 √ I have been reading this book for three hours.这本书我已经读了3个小时了。(延续性) I have read this book.我看过这本书。(影响及结果) I have been ringing you several times in two days.两天内我给你打过几次电话。(动作重复) The students have prepared for the exam.学生们已为考试做了准备。(陈述事实) [即学即练2] 单句语法填空 ①Although many measures have been taken (take)，the world's economy is still going down. ②You should go to bed.You have been watching (watch) TV for 5 hours. ③I have been cleaning (clean) the windows since this morning. ④Sorry，but Mr.Smith has left (leave) for Beijing. ⑤The