Unit3 Period Ⅱ Grammar-【优化探究】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套教参（人教版）

Period Ⅱ　Grammar 单元语法：Direct speech & indirect speech (直接引语和间接引语) 授课提示：对应学生用书第74页 [语法体会] 诵读下列例句并感知黑体部分的共性 (1)An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said，“From the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died.” →[教材原文]An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. (2)The reporter asked，“Will polar bears die out because of climate change？” →The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change. (3)The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction？” →The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction. (4)“Let's work together to stop climate change，” the expert said. →The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change. 1．若直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，要用连词that 来引导宾语从句，如(1)句。 2．若直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词if或whether来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问语序变为陈述语序，如(2)句。 3．若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用原来的疑问词来引导宾语从句；同时，要将疑问语序变为陈述语序，如(3)句。 4．若直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，需改用“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构，其中的动词通常是表示“命令、建议、请求”的动词，如(4)句。 5．直接引语变间接引语时，时态要做相应变化，如(2)(3)句。 [知识精要] 一、基本概念 引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫作直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号的叫作间接引语。 直接引语变为间接引语时，需在时态、人称代词、指示代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语以及词序等方面做相应的变化。 “I like singing，” she said.(直接引语) →She said she liked singing.(间接引语) “Don't touch anything，” he said.(直接引语) →He told us not to touch anything.(间接引语) [名师点津]　实际上，间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语其转换后是不定式。 二、直接引语变为间接引语时连词的使用及句式结构 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时由连词that引导，that可省略。 Mary said to her friends，“I don't like computers.” →Mary said to her friends that she didn't like computers. 2．直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时要用if或whether引导的宾语从句，从句中须用陈述语序。 They asked him，“Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil？” →They asked him if/whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 3．直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时特殊疑问句变为由who，whom，when，where，why，how等疑问词引导的宾语从句，从句中须用陈述语序。 “When do you harvest the wheat？” they asked him. →They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 4．直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时变为“主语＋ask/order/t