2024年中考英语核心语法点复习 被动语态 17

初中英语语法知识 复习集 被动语态 定义 主动语态 句子的主语是动作的执行者； 被动语态 句子的主语是动作的承受者。 意义 被动语态就如同语文中的“被字句” 我把玻璃打碎了。I broke the glass. 玻璃被我打碎了。The glass was broken by me. ①有时会省略主语 ②有时会通过“by”突出主语，by sb 是被动语态的标志 The glass was broken（by me）.玻璃被（我）打碎了。 结构 be+done（过去分词） 主动变被动 Step1找主语：找到主语与宾语 All the people laughed at him. Step2换主语：把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 He was laughed at by all the people.　 Step3改结构：把谓语动词变成被动结构：be+done（过去分词） He was laughed at by all the people.　 Step4加by sb（宾格）：主动语态中的主语放by之后作宾语，主格变宾格。　 He was laughed at by all the people.　 不同时态及情态动词的被动语态 时态 结构 被动语态结构 一般现在时 am,is,are, do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 were,was,did was/were+done 一般将来时 will/shall do will be+done 过去进行时 was/were doing was being+done 现在进行时 is/am/are doing am/is/are being+done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done 过去完成时 had done had been+done 情态动词 情态动词+v 情态动词+be+done 变化规则 “变化的be动词，不变的过去分词” 三种情况用被动 ①　物在开头，一般用被动 ②　人在开头且有by sb，用被动 ③　人在开头，且及物动词未加宾语 四种情况不被动 ①　不及物动词或短语； ②　感官系动词 look，sound，smell，taste，feel ③　表示事物本身性质的词 write，sell，ride等 ④　发生类的词汇或者短语 happen，appear，disappear,break out,take place,run out,come true/out/about 感官动词、使役动词的被动语态 感官使役：主动句里to走开,被动句里to回来. ①　感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice等 see/hear/watch/notice sb do sth 经常做某事/动作全过程 see/hear/watch/notice sb doing sth正在做某事/反复的动作 ②　使役动词：make/let/have sb do sth We often hear them sing this song. They are often heard to sing this song by us. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss 高效学习，助力中考 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$