语法专题 专题四 第一讲 定语从句-【导与练】2024高考英语一轮复习高中总复习第1轮教学课件PPT（旧教材，人教版）

专题四　三大从句、并列句、特殊句式及结构 第一讲　定语从句 高频语法探究 深层探究高频语法考点，明确高考考查方向 考点一　关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词的基本用法 关系 代词 被修饰的先行词 关系代词在从句中充当的成分 who 指人的词 主语、宾语 whom 指人的词 宾语 whose 指人或物的词 定语 that 指人或物的词 主语、宾语、表语 which 指物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语 as 指人或物的词或整个主句 主语、宾语、表语 He was a personal friend whom I’ve known for many years. 他是一位我认识多年的私人朋友。 Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少活动或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加得很快。 He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。 This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. 这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。 As we all know,smoking is harmful to our health. 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 [特别提示] whose指人或物,作定语,表示“……的”,可以转换为“of +关系代词”,指人时可以换成of whom,指物时可以换成of which。 The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination. 该奖项将授予其故事最具想象力的作家。 2.关系代词that和which的区别 类别 说明 只用that 不用which 的情况 先行词是everything、anything、nothing、few、little、all、none等不定代词或先行词被all、little、few、much、any、every、no等修饰时 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时 先行词被the very、the only等修饰时 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时 先行词既有人也有物时 只用which 不用that 的情况 非限制性定语从句中 关系代词前有介词时 先行词是that或those时 There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 对他来说世界上好像没有不可能的事。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的事和人吗? My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着一个漂亮的花园。 The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. 他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。 What’s that which was put in the car? 被放入车内的是什么? 3.as、which引导的定语从句 (1)as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 Amy,as you know,was better by the time the doctor arrived. 正如你所知道的那样,医生到的时候艾米就好些了。 (2)which引导定语从句代指前面整句话的内容时,意为“这,这一点”。 He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature last year,which made him one of the most famous writers. 他去年被授予了诺贝尔文学奖,这使他成为最著名的作家之一。 (3)as常用在下列习惯用语中: as often happens、as I remember、as is often the case、as is expected、as is known to us、as is shown等。用在“such/so...as...”结构中,意为“像……这样……”,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 He shouts when he gets angry,a