内容正文:
第四讲 特殊句式及结构
考点一 倒装
一、完全倒装
1.表示方向、地点或时间的副词、介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。常见的有:there、here、in、out、away、up、down、from、off、back、over、then、now、in the room、on the wall等。
In rushed the angry man.
那个生气的男人冲了进来。
Up into the blue sky flew the bird when we passed by its nest.
当我们经过那只鸟的巢时,它飞上了蓝天。
[特别提示]
表示方向、地点或时间的副词、介词短语置于句首,但主语为代词时,要用部分倒装。
Out they rushed.
他们冲了出去。
2.表语+连系动词+主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等)
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有许多其他来宾。
Such are the facts,no one can deny them.
这些就是事实,没有人可以否认。
二、部分倒装
1.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要用部分倒装。
Only then did he realise that he had lost his way.
直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
直到他回来时,我们才弄明白事实。
2.具有否定意义的副词或短语如not、nor、neither、never、seldom、rarely、hardly、little、by no means、at no time、in no way、under no circumstances等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装。
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。
By no means shall we give up.
我们决不会放弃。
3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。
(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.
当一个国家的财富增加时,它的温室气体排放量也随之增加。
[特别提示]
so表示“是的,确实”,当重复上文,表示赞同对方的观点时,主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot.
——天太热了。
—So it is.
——是啊,的确很热。
(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.
我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。
(3)在such/so...that...结构中,“such/so+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.
他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。
(4)neither...nor...结构位于两个分句的句首时,用部分倒装。
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事,况且我也不在乎。
(5)在not only...but (also)...结构中,not only位于句首时,第一个分句用部分倒装。
Not only do I like painting,but I (also) take a course.
我不但喜欢画画,而且还上了绘画课。
[特别提示]
此结构连接并列主语时不倒装。
Not only he but also his parents are sick.
不但他而且他父母也生病了。
(6)not until...位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Not until my son had entered the university did he realise the importance of time.
直到我儿子上了大学,他才意识到时间的重要性。
(7)在hardly...when.../no sooner...than...结构中,hardly/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the