专题07 交际用语(讲)-【中职专用】中职高考英语一轮复习讲练测(河南适用)
专题07 交际用语(讲)
知识要点
情景交际是高考必考内容,主要包括习惯应答类和语言结构类两种交际用语。前者要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语,以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。对于这类题目,考生要遵循英美人的语言习惯进行选择。后者则要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确的交际用语作出选择。此类交际用语以习惯用法和变异句,如省略句居多,考生要注意积累和识记。
疑难突破
1. 感谢、道歉、祝愿和请求。
感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等都有其固定的应答用语,这些应答用语通常是高考考查的热点。对于这类题目,我们要紧紧遵循英语习惯进行作答。以下是常见的应答交际用语。
(1)英语中常用于回答感谢的应答用语有:You are welcome./Don’t mention it./It is my pleasure./Not at all./That’s all right.
(2)常用于回答别人道歉的用语有:Never mind./It doesn’t matter./Not at all./That’s all right.
(3)常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有:Good luck!/Best wishes to you./Have a nice time./Wish you a success (pleasant) journey./Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you!
而常用的应答用语有:Thank you./The same to you./You too.
(4)接受请求或邀请的应答用语有:With pleasure./I’m happy (glad) to.../No problem./Good idea./Why not?拒绝请求或邀请的应答用语有:Sorry,but.../I’m afraid,but.../I’d rather you.../Thank you,but...
2. 提供帮助和应答类交际用语。 例如:
(1)What can I do for you?/Can (Could) I help you (with the box)?/Would you like me to.../Is there anything else I can do for you?/Do you want me to.../Anything else I can do for you?/What else can I do for you?/Would you like some help?/Let me carry it for you,OK?
(2)That is very kind.太谢谢了。
(3)Thanks,that would be nice(fine). /It’s very kind of you./Thank you for your help.注意:接受帮助时不能说Yes, you can/may.
(4)No, thanks (thank you). I can manage it myself./Thank you all the same./It’s very kind of you, but I can manage it myself./It’s all right. Thank you./No, it’s OK. Thank you.
注意:拒绝帮助时不能说No,you can’t. 以免显得十分无礼。
3. 劝告和建议类交际用语。 例如:
You’d better (not)....
Shall we.../Why not...
What about/How about...
肯定回答常用That’s OK/all right;否定回答常用No,thanks或Sorry.
4. 告别类交际用语。 例如:
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See you. 道别时用语,Good-bye; Take care也是道别是用语,但表示“多保重” 。
5. 介绍类交际用语。 例如:
Nice/Pleased/Glad to meet you.为初次见面时的礼貌用语; Nice meeting you.为初次见面后的告别语。
6. 打电话类交际用语。 例如:
“Is that…speaking?” 请问您是谁? “Hold on, please”请稍等;“Just a minute, please.”请稍等;“Hello, who is it /that(speaking)?”喂,请问您是谁?
Hello, this is …speaking我是---;There’s no Pippa here Speaking.这里没有叫Pippa的。
注意: 熟练掌握打电话用语指对方时用指示代词that/it.指说话者本人时用指示代词this.打电话用语还有:Are you there? 你还在接听吗?
7. 就餐类交际用语。 例如:
Help yourself to some…; I’m full, thank you; Just a little, please; yes, sir?
8 . 提醒注意类交际用语。 例如:
Mind your step/ head! Wet floor!; Look out!; Be careful!; Take care!
注意:Look out!警告对方有危险;Take care 警告对方做事要小心,还可作道别时用
语,译为“请多保重”;与look 相关的交际用语还有: Just have a look.随便看看.
Look what you’ve done! 看看你干了些什么!
- 同意和不同意类交际用语。 例如:
No way.没门儿;No chance.决不可能,即说话者确信某事不可能发生;I couldn’t agree more .我非常赞成或我再同意不过了。比较级用于否定句中表最高级。又如:It can’t be better/worse; Far from it. 远不是,差得远呢,表远非达到某种程度,视具体语境,译法灵活。如:Do you think he is a good worker ?Far from it. “I will.’’表允诺、同意,译作”我会的’’;I should think so.表强烈赞成,译作“当然’’.I should think not. 与之相反,译作”当然不’’
10. 肯定和不肯定类交际用语。 例如:
It depends视情况而定;I have no idea 不清楚、不知道;It’s up to you你看着办吧。
11. 意愿和预见类交际用语。 例如:
I hope so /not.I would rather not tell you ; I believe so /not. I guess so/ not.
注意: I(don’t)guess/ believe/think /suppose so /not.但不可说I don’t hope so.
12. 表扬和鼓励类交际用语。 例如:
Well done/Good work !干得漂亮! Come on ! 加油!You can do it !你会做得好的!You’re doing fine!你做得很好啊!
难点:Come on!有多种意义:①表敦促,译作“快点”。②表鼓励、煽动,译作“加油,打呀,高兴点”等。
③了解对方所说的不是事实,译作“别逗了,算了吧”。
13. 高兴类交际用语。 例如:
That’s nice /wonderful/great/lovely! How nice/wonderful! I’m glad/pleased /happy to…
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