外刊精读The deep culture of elephants 象群中的深层文化学案+教案-2024届高三英语一轮复习

2024届高考备考 外刊精读 Day 3 The deep culture of elephants 象群中的深层文化 学案 文本导读：大象体型庞大，令人惊叹，但其特别之处远不止如此。其实，象群中存在一种社群文化，它们多代群居共生，年轻的大象向年长的大象学习。科学家们还发现，当一头大象死亡时，其它的象群成员会一同表示哀悼。此外，大象还拥有惊人的记忆力，事实证明这个能力有助其生存。 Step 1:词汇温习 physical attribute 身体特征 heritage 遗产 custom 习俗 social behaviour 社群行为 herd （兽）群 social structure 社群结构 tightly knit 联系紧密的 multigenerational 多代共存的 mimic 模仿 elder 长辈 raise 抚养，喂养 long-lasting 持久的 bond 联系 emotional capacity 情感能力 grief 悲痛，悲伤 mourning ritual 哀悼的仪式 sentience 感知能力 survival 生存 drought 干旱 survival rate 存活率 Step 2: 原文精听+精读 As well as impressive physical attributes, elephants have a rich cultural heritage, passed down through customs and social behaviour which is learned, remembered, and shared within their herds. This is possible partly because of their social structure. Elephants live in complex, tightly knit, multigenerational societies, led by older females known as matriarchs. Younger elephants observe and mimic the behaviour of their elders, learning through experience. It helps that the herd does almost everything together, from foraging and feeding to raising each others' young. These interactions lead to deep long-lasting relationships, which can last for decades. Possibly because of these bonds, elephants seem to have emotional capacity. Just like humans, the creatures have been seen displaying signs of grief. When an elephant dies, others in the herd have been observed to repeatedly return to where the individual passed, which is said to be part of a mourning ritual. They may sniff and touch the carcass and bones and cover the site with leaves and sand. Moreover, a 2020 study by researchers Goldenberg and Wittemyer found that "elephants show broad interest in their dead regardless of the strength of former relationships with the dead individual", which may indicate advanced sentience, the scientists say. There's a saying found in many languages – 'an elephant never forgets'. In fact, memory has been essential to the survival of some elephant herds. A