内容正文:
专题04 冠词&介词&代词
语法项目一 冠词
重点一 冠词的基本用法
(一)不定冠词a、an
1.在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。如a university、a useful animal、a European car、an hour、an honest boy、an Xray、an ugly man、an honor等。
◆Judging from his words, he must be an honest man.
从他的话判断,他一定是一位诚实的人。
◆As is known to us, Russia is a European country.
众所周知,俄罗斯是一个欧洲国家。
2.不定冠词a/an放在可数名词单数前,泛指一个人或一个事物。
◆They found an apartment in America where they lived only half a year.
他们在美国找到一个公寓,在那里待了仅仅半年。
3.表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。
◆It was a cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly.
那是一个寒冷冬天的夜晚,月亮在夜空中闪耀着。
4.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one 强烈。
◆As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”
常言道,“冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。”
5.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain。
◆A Mr Brown came to see you just now.
刚才有一位布朗先生来找你了。
6.“a/an+序数词”表示“又一、再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常、很”。
◆I really enjoyed my stay in Xi'an. It's indeed worth a second visit.
我真的喜欢待在西安,它的确值得再次参观。
◆He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.
在会议上他提出了一个非常实用的建议。
7.在抽象名词success、failure、surprise、pleasure、beauty、wonder、comfort、danger、shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。
◆The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.
手术很成功,病人目前脱离了危险。
(二)定冠词the
1.特指某人或某事。
◆The village where I was born has taken on a new look in the past ten years.
在过去十年里,我出生的那个小村庄已经呈现出新的面貌。
2.用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only、very、same等之前。
◆As is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知,中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
◆Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
杨利伟是中国第一个登上太空的人。
3.在某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或在姓氏复数前表示一家人。
◆As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.
据我所知,格林一家要搬到北京去。
4.用在世界上独一无二的事物、西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前。
◆The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.
这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴,经常放学后演奏。
5.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour、by the day、by the week、by the dozen、by the yard等,但是如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词时,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
◆As far as I know, he will get paid by the week.
据我所知,他会按周得到报酬。
6.用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。
◆The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes y