内容正文:
十 简单句
一 简单句句型
1 主语+系动词+表语(名词、形容词、介词短语作表语)
Eg He is a student(名词作表语) Tom is tall(形容词作表语)
The book is on the desk. (介词短语作表语)
2 主语+及物动词+宾语
Eg He drew a picture yesterday.
3 主语+不及物动词+状语
Eg He lives here.
4 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Eg Tom taught him English last term.
5 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
Eg The story made me laugh.
二 简单句的肯定、疑问及否定形式。
动词在主语后面为肯定句。
变疑问句时,句中动词如果是be动词或情态动词则把be动词或情态动词提到主语前面,句中如果用实义动词则在句首用助动词 do/does/did(注意时态、人称)助动词后面加动词原形。
肯定句变否定句时,句中动词如果是be动词或情态动词则在be动词或情态动词后加not,句中如果使用实义动词则在实义动词前加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t(注意时态、人称)助动词后面加动词原形。
Eg He is a student.(肯定) He is not a student.(否定) Is he a student?(疑问)
I will clean the room. (肯定) I will not clean the room. (否定) Will you clean the room? (疑问)
He went to work. (肯定) He didn’t go to work.(否定) Did he go to work? (疑问)
三 疑问句的形式
1 一般疑问句 由be动词 助动词 情态动词放在句首的句子,回答时用yes 或no
Eg Were you at school yesterday?
Do you like swimming?
Can you help me?
2 特殊疑问句 是由特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 常见的特殊疑问词有 who/whom, whose, what, which, what time/when, why, how, how many/much等。 特殊疑问句在回答时根据实际情况回答,不能用yes 或no
3 选择疑问句 提出两种或多种情况,要求对方选择一种(不能全选)由一般疑问句+or+省略的一般疑问句 或者用疑问词 which, whose 提问
Eg Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 可选的答案有 tea coffee either neither (不能用both)
4 反义疑问句 表示提问人对自己的看法没有把握,需要对方确定。反义疑问句遵循以下原则
A 前肯后否,前否后肯
B 前句中动词用be 动词 情态动词 后句仍然用be 动词 情态动词(注意must have to)
前句中动词用实义动词后句用助动词do/does/did
C have/has/had 作实义动词含义为 有 在完成时中have/has/had 为助动词
Eg He has breakfast every day, doesn’t he?
He has not finished the work, has he?
D 在there be 句型中反义疑问句仍然用be (not) there 句型
E 注意反问的对象 Eg I don’t think you are right, are you?
F 祈使句的翻译疑问无论前面是肯定句还是否定句 反义疑问句都用 will you
Eg Open the door will you? Don’t shout will you?
注意 Let’s(包含我) go shall we? Let us(不包含我) go will you?
G hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never 这些词表示否定含义
H 反义疑问句在翻译时要注意 yes翻译为不 no 翻译为 是的
Let’s go for a walk,________?(2015年高考真题)
A. Won’t you B. shan’t we C. will you D. shall we
______ can we have lunch, mum? I am so hungry.(2016年高考真题)
A How soon B How often C How long D How far
When