内容正文:
►专题10 数词用法梳理
考点精讲
考点01 基数词
表示数量的词叫基数词。1---12的基数词是独立单词;13---19的基数词都是以-teen结尾的,要注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位数,以后缀-ty结尾,要注意twenty,thirty,fifty,eighty的特殊点。如下表:
1---12
13---19
20一90
百、千、百万、十亿
1→one
2→two
3→three
4→four
5.five
6→six
7→seven
8→eight
9→nine
10→ten
11→eleven
12→twelve
13→thirteen
14→fourteen
15→fifteen
16→sixteen
17→seventeen
18→eighteen
19→nineteen
20→twenty
30→thirty
40→forty
50→fifty
60→sixty
70→seventy
80→eighty
90→ninety
100→a hundred
1,000→a thousand
1,000,000→
a million
1,000,000,000→a billion(美)
a thousand million(英)
1.基数词的读法
1)三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。
2)1,000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数,每三位数加一个逗号,第一个逗号前的数字用thousand(千),第二个逗号前的数字用million(百万),用 "几十thousand"表示 "几万",以 "几百thousand"表示 "几十万",用 "几十million"表示 "几千万",用"几百million"表示 "几亿"。如:13,789,653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。
2.数词的复数形式
1)表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties,表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推,thirties表示“三十几岁”,forties表示“四十几岁”,但“十几岁”不可说tens,而要说teens,指13岁至19岁。如:
He died in his thirties.
She is in her teens.
2)表示几十年代时,如:“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或1980’s,均读作nineteen eighties,指的是1980至1989年这十年间,需注意的是,年代用文字表示时则不可用-'s形式。如:
Great changes took place in the l970s.
History has entered the eighties.
3)表示不确定数目时,这时要在million,thousand,hundred等词后加上-s并与of连用,表示大约多至“数以……计”,但millions of等前不能再加基数词,却可加some,several等表示不确定数目的修饰语。如:
Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.
Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.
4)在分数中,当基数词(表示分子)大于one时,序数词(表示分母)要用复数,两者之间用不用连字符号均可。如:
Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women.
She has spent four-fifths of her money.
5)当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时,也要用复数。如:
How many sevens are there in forty-nine?
They arrived by twos and threes.他们三三两两的来了。
Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos.请等一下,我马上就来
3.数词和名词单数一起作定语,中间用连字符连接。
a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩
a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章
4.当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时,序数词一般放在基数词前;但如果序数词充当描绘性修饰时,则放在基数词后