内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
(见学生用书P91)
复习v.-ing形式
Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填写下面教材中的句子,并体会它们的语法特征。
1.(教材P50)It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing (lose) too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
2.(教材P50)As you can imagine, getting (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3.(教材P50) The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving (give) first aid.
4.(教材P51) Place burns under cool running (run) water, especially within the first ten minutes.
5.(教材P51) Remove any clothes using (use) scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
Ⅱ.根据以上例句填空。
1.句1中的v.-ing形式作介词(短语)的 宾语 ;
2.句2中的v.-ing形式作 主语 ;
3.句3中的v.-ing形式作 表语 ;
4.句4中的v.-ing形式作 定语 ;
5.句5中的v.-ing形式作 状语 。
一、v.-ing形式及句法功能
v.-ing形式是一种非谓语动词。v.-ing形式包括动名词和现在分词两种形式。动名词既具有动词的特征,也具有名词的特征。
种类
形式
主动
被动
主语
宾语
宾补
表语
定语
状语
动
名
词
一般
式
doing
being
done
√
√
√
√
完成
式
having
done
having
been
done
现
在
分
词
一般
式
doing
being
done
√
√
√
√
完成
式
having
done
having
been
done
◎v.-ing形式作主语
1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语往往表示经常或多次发生的动作,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
►Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
►To finish the task will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
2.代词it代替v.-ing形式作形式主语。
此类句式常见的有:
►It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
►It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你作决定是没有用的。
[即时训练1]——单句语法填空
(1)It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
(2)It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.
(3) Wasting (waste) a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
(4) Being exposed ( expose) to loud noise can do damage to your hearing.
◎v.-ing形式作宾语
1.作动词的宾语
常接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆:
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help)
承认否定与嫉妒