直接引用和间接引语讲解2023-2024学年人教版九年级英语全册

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式： 一种是直接引语(Direct Speech)，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内； 另一种是间接引语(Indirect Speech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。间接引语在大多数情况下构成宾语从句。 学习直接引语变间接引语时，我们需要注意四点变化： ★ 人称变化 ★ 直接引语转换为间接引语时，代词要根据说话人所处的立场而进行适当的改变。 人称代词的变化 ①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。如： I said, “You are the first to reach here today.” →I said that you were the first to reach there that day. ②当直接引语中主语是第一人称时，改写后的间接引语的主语人称与主句中的主语人称一致。如： Linda said to Tim, “I’ll go there with you.” →Linda told Tim that she would go there with him. ③当直接引语中主语是第二人称时，改写后的间接引语的主语人称和主句宾语一致。如： Her husband said to her, “Where did you put my coat?” →Her husband asked her where she had put his coat. 提示： 如果主句中无宾语，改写时应根据语境或想象，自行添加适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则在改写间接引语时变为主句的宾语。如： “Why do you cry again, Carol?” asked the teacher. →The teacher asked Carol why she cried again. ④当直接引语中主语是第三人称时，改写时不发生变化。如： He said to Tom, “She can help them.” →He told Tom that she could help them. 物主代词的变化 改写时，句中的物主代词也要随句子的具体情况而发生改变。如： “Have you found your handbag?” Father said to me. →Father asked me whether I had found my handbag. 指示代词的变化 一般情况下，指示代词this改成that，these改为those。如： He said to me, “I don’t like these coats.” →He told me that he didn’t like those coats. ★ 时态变化 ★ 直接引语转换为间接引语时，宾语从句中的谓语一般要转换成与直接引语相对应的过去的时态。 当然，若直接引语使用了过去完成时，转换时就不需要再作改变了。 但在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态可以保持不变。 1. 主句为现在时或将来时。如： He says, “I have won the competition held in my school.” →He says he has won the competition held in his school. 2. 间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。如： The professor said to the students, “The sun always rises in the east.” →The professor told the students that the sun always rises in the east. 3. 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在。如： Just now Mrs Smith said, “My husband is in Beijing today.” →Mrs Smith told me just now that her husband is in Beijing today. 4. 间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。如： The lady said, “I first met the man in 2015.” →The lady said that she first met the man in 2015. ★ 状语变化 ★ 直接引语转换间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律。 时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”，如now改为then，today改为that day，yesterday改为the day before，tomorrow改为the next da