2023年人教版中考英语复习语法专题5：介词 讲义

语法专题:介词 【考点点拨】 介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。 一般位于名词或代词之前,在句中不单独作任何成分。 介词本身有独立的含义,但意义不够完整,在句中使用时,后面必须接宾语构成介词短语后,才能表达完整的意义。 【考点1】表时间的介词 1.at,in,on表示时间的区别 介词 用法 举例 at,in,on at 表示某一时刻 _7:00 _the morning _Tuesday _February _spring _2000 _ a cold morning _the morning of May 1st on 表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上 in 表示月份、季节、年份、世纪、上午、下午、晚上 【注意】 (1)在以this,that,next,last,tomorrow,yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。 I will go to Beijing _ .下周我将去北京。 2.in, after表示时间的区别 介词 用法 举例 in ,after after指时间“在……以后” (1)接时间段时,多和一般过去时连用 (2)接时间点时,多和一般将来时连用 I will come back _ three days. They came back _ two days. They will be free _2 o'clock this afternoon. “in+ 时间段”表示从现在算起到若干时间以后,意为“在……时间后”,用于一般将来时 3.for,since,from表示时间的区别 介词 用法 举例 for “for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能用延续性动词 She has worked there _four years. Great changes have taken place _ he left. Students go to school _ Monday to Friday. since (1)用作介词时,意为“自从,自……以后”,指从某一时间一直延续至今,后接时间点,通常与完成时连用 (2)用作连词,用来引导一个时间状语从句 from from(from…to…)表示开始的时间,意为“从……”(“从……到……”),谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态 4.until /till 表示“到……为止, 直到……之时,直至” 谓语动词是延续性动词,常用在肯定句中,用till/until You’d better stay in bed _ tomorrow. 谓语动词是非延续性动词,常用在否定句中not…until…意为“直到……才……” I didn’t go to bed_ eleven last night. 【考题链接】 ( )1.The plane will take off _three hours. I must get to the airport right now. A.in B. for C.on D.at ( )2.I often get up at half past seven_Saturday morning . A.in B. for C.on D.at ( )3.The wedding party will be_the morning of Sunday January 8th _10:00. A. in; at B. on;at C.on; in ( )4.My friend Alice was born _a summer evening_July, 1999. A. in; in B. in; at C. on;at D. on; in ( )5.—Junior high school days will be over _ a week.How are you feeling? —I’m trying to keep my cool because we’ve been together _ three years. A.in;in B.for;in C.in;for D.for;for 【考点2】表地点和方位的介词 1.in,at,on in 表示地点,意为“在……内”,用于内部 He put his hands _his pockets. 他把手放进口袋 There was a carpet _the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯 I arrived _the station at 7:00. 我7点钟到车站的 He was born_Wuhan. 他出生在武汉 _the table 在桌子旁边 on 意为“在……上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个