2023年人教版八年级上册暑假班讲义 2形容词和副词

新初二暑假班讲义 2 八上三.四单元形容词和副词 考点一：副词——副词的分类：八上第二单元 频度副词always, often, seldom, never,usually,sometimes,hardly ever 考点二：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则 1一般情况 加-er, -est tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词 加-r, -st large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest 3在重读闭音节(即：辅音＋元音＋辅音)中, 先双写末尾的辅音字母 再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest 4以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i 再加-er, -est easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest 5以ow,er结尾的双音节词 加-er, -est clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 6其他双音节词(副词)和多音节词, 比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily friendly—more friendly; common—more common; helpful—more helpful, more careful, more nervous, more relaxed, more normal,modern- more modern unhappy—more unhappy, lucky-luckier unlucky—more unlucky 注：最高级前要加the ,不加表示“非常”,a most important meeting 副词的比较级和最高级 1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。 2．少数单音节副词,加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。 几个特殊的形容词和副词 原级 比较级 最高级 good ,well better best bad, ill, badly worse worst many ,much more most little less least far Farther距离, further程度 farthest,  further old Older时间, elder顺序 oldest, eldest 考点三：形容词.副词的比较级和最高级的用法 名称 结构 例句 一.原级的用法 1“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍” Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。 2“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍” Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。 3“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙... This room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。 4甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙... He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 名称 结构 例句 二.比较级的用法 1甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙...”或“甲比乙...几倍” Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。 This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。 2“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙...”或“甲比乙...几倍” I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。 He runs three times faster t