内容正文:
Unit3 过去进行时
一、如何理解过去进行时
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。由此可推知,过去进行时就是表示在过去某时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说“我进来时他正在吃饭”,如果“进来”发生在过去,那么“正在吃饭”显然就是过去某时正在进行的动作——也就是说,“进来”用一般过去时,“正在吃饭”就要用过去进行时。
一、概念:
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段时间正在进行的动作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday? I was playing basketball.昨天这个时候你在干什么?我在打篮球。
What were you doing those days? I was reading a storybook.那几天你在干什么?我在看一本小说。
二、构成:
过去进行时由助动词be的过去式were(was)加doing构成。
如:她/他们在放风筝:She/was( They were)flying a kite(kites).
三、句式
(1)陈述句的肯定形式:主语+were(was)+doing….
如:He was doing his homework then.
(2) 陈述句的否定形式:主语+were(was)+not doing….
如:I was not doing my homework then.
Were(was)not还可缩写成weren’t或wasn’t。
(3)一般疑问句的肯定、否定及其回答:
Were(was)+主语+doing…?
Yes, 主语(人称代词)were(was).
No, 主语(人称代词)weren’t(wasn’t).
如:Were they doing their homework then?
Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.
I was learning to ride a bike last week.
四、用法
(1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常和表过去的时间状语连用 ,at this time,at seven yesterday,all day,all the time等,如;
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。
They were expecting you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等待。
(2) 过去进行时可与 soon, the next moment, in... minutes, ...minutes later 等时间状语连用,表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。 如:
Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。
They said they were coming minutes later.他们说几分钟以后他们要来。
(3) 过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口,这种用法常用在口语中。 如:
-- Have you finished your homework, Mary? 玛丽,你作业做完了吗?
-- No, I was helping my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday.
还没呢,我昨天一天都帮妈妈在厨房干活。
(4)过去进行时可用来为后面一系列动作的发生提供背景。 如:
I hurt my leg when I was riding a bike. 我在骑车时把腿摔坏了。
(5) 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算,这时 be 动词 was/were 要重读 。如:
I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it .
我本该今天早上给他写信的,后来全给忘了。
I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。
He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy.
他昨天 本来要看那场戏的,可是太忙了。
(6)由when 和 while 引导的状语从句,强调某个动作正在进行的过程中时要用进行时态, while 表示一段时间,因此,在它所引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用进行时态,如:
When/While we were having supper, the light went out. 我们正在吃饭时灯熄灭了。
when 用作并列连词时