专题 02 议论文 - 中职高考英文写作专项指导（河北专用）

专题02 议论文 中职高考英文写作 议论文是以议论为主要表达有式的一种常用文体，又称“论说文”。它摆事实、讲道理，直接表达作者见解和主张。 议论文文应具有论点、论据、论证三个基本要素。 议论文阐明事物的方式基本有两种：立论和驳论。 立论有三种方法；多方论证、逐层深人和正反结合。 而驳论也有三种方法；反取论点，反驳论据和反驳论证。 议论文的论证方法主要有演绎论证、归纳论证、类比论证、对比论证和比喻论证等。 议论文的类别有政论、评论和读后感等。 在近几年的对口高考中，议论文的比重占得越来越多，考生只要做到论点明确，正确阐述自己的观点即可。 1.议论文结构 ①亮明观点。审清题意后说明要讨论的问题，并明确提出自己的观点。 ②论证主题。提出论点后接下来就是议论的过程，搜集足够的证据来论证自己的观点。 ③得出结论。可用一两句话来结束论述，注意与自己提出的观点相呼应。 2.写作方法 ①提出论点。首先提出明确的中心论点。 ②用论据论证论点过程。一个中心论点通常常有几个分论点支持，提出的强有力论据一定要支撑论点，不同层次之间要条理分明，过渡要清晰自然。 ③总结全文。首尾呼应，得出一个符合逻辑的结论。 【例文1】 作文题目：Happiness 词数要求；80-100个单词 写作要点： 1.不同的人对幸福有不同的理解 2.一些学生认为拥有财富就是幸福。 3.我对幸福的理解。 Happiness Happiness means different things to different people. For example, some students believe that if they have much money or a large number of possessions, they will be happy. They believe that they will be able to do anything they want to if they have money. Some students think that they should be in good health,and enjoy whatever they like. .Many students wish to have much wealth from their parents, In this way they don't have to work hard, and they can have everything. I don't agree with the above points. We can't buy many important things with money, such as health happiness and knowledge . I value knowledge , which makes me happy.,for I can do much for mankind with knowledge. Although different people value happiness differently, my"wealth" of happiness is in my study. 【例文2】 例如：请以你校学生的名义写一篇短文，陈述反对拟在你校附近兴建一座化工厂的理由。短文必须包括以下内容： 1.大部分同学都反对兴建。 2.尽管该厂可能为本赚钱不少，但弊大于利。 3.可能造成饮用水污染和空气污染。 4.侵占游戏场所。 词数：80--100。 例文： Most students of our school, including me,are against the construction of a chemical works near our school. Although the works will make a lot of money for our city, we do think it will do us more harm than good. The drinking water will be badly polluted. Of course, they have promised to do something to prevent the water from being polluted, however, it is far from enough. On the other hand, the air over the city will be polluted, too. We will never be able to breathe fresh air