第一板块 重难语法课(4) 非谓语动词（Word教参）-【新高考方案】2024高考英语一轮复习（老教材 新高考 外研版）

重难语法课(4)——非谓语动词 [语境中体悟用法] 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑部分是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。 Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce① this English speech contest. As we all know, to master② a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④ English. Everyone wants to show⑤ their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability, developing⑦ a good habit of learning⑧ English. In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made⑨ by us. First, you should make your voice heard⑩ clearly by everyone, so reading aloud⑪ is very necessary. Second, you should try your best to express⑫ yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes. I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied⑬ with our performance. Thank you! [用法体悟] ①to introduce this English speech contest是不定式短语作真正的主语，it是形式主语。 ②to master a foreign language是不定式短语作主语。 ③Taking part ... speech contest是动名词短语作主语。 ④to learn English是不定式短语作定语，修饰way。 ⑤to show their best是不定式短语作宾语。 ⑥listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。 ⑦developing ... learning English是现在分词短语作状语。 ⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。 ⑨made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。 ⑩heard ... everyone是过去分词短语作宾语补足语。 ⑪reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。 ⑫to express yourself in English fluently是不定式短语作目的状语。 ⑬satisfied是形容词，作表语，意为“感到满意的”。 [系统中整合规则] 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词与过去分词)。 (一)动词不定式的用法及构成　 不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 1．作主语 不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，常用句式：It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 It is important for us to live a low carbon life. 过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 2．作宾语 (1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮 offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help (2)在某些动词如find, thi