第一板块 重难语法课(7) 定语从句（Word教参）-【新高考方案】2024高考英语一轮复习（老教材 新高考 外研版）

重难语法课(7)——定语从句 [语境中体悟用法] 朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加蓝单词为哪类关系词，在从句中充当什么成分，修饰的先行词是什么。 It was the summer of 2020, when① I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where②I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which③looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why④I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my_classmates here, two of whom⑤ are my best friends. Jack, who⑥comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among which⑦ he likes running most. He will run 5 kilometers every day, which⑧ makes him look strong. Nick, whose⑨father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that⑩ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food that⑪is made in our canteen. The teacher whom⑫he likes is Mr Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school. [用法体悟] ①先行词是the summer of 2020，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (＝in which)引导定语从句。 ②先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (＝at which)引导定语从句。 ③先行词是Our_classroom，指物，关系词应用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。 ④先行词是The_main_reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导。 ⑤先行词是my_classmates，指人，关系词应用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。 ⑥先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。 ⑦先行词是various_sports，关系词在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。 ⑧先行词是“He will run 5 kilometers every day”整个句子，并在从句中作主语，定语从句应用which引导。 ⑨先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick's，用whose引导。 ⑩先行词是the_people_and_the_things，既有人又有物，通常用that引导。 ⑪先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。 ⑫先行词是The teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom或who引导。 [系统中整合规则] 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。 (一)关系代词的用法 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作成分 who 人 作主语、宾语 whom 人 作宾语 which 事物 作主语、宾语 that 人或事物 作主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或事物 作定