内容正文:
专题10 词法的构造与运用之形容词和副词
1、 形容词
所谓形容词,就是用来描述人或事物的词,例如:big, short, happy, dead, financial…形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语(宾补)、状语。它的基本用法如下:
1.作定语,放在名词前,something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词之后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须放在其后。
如:It’s a cold and windy day. Would you like something hot to drink?
What else can you see? 你还能看见其它什么东西?
2.作表语,放在系动词之后。常见的系动词有be, become, get(变), turn(变), feel, look(看起来), seem, smell, sound, taste。
如:He looks happy today. Silk feels soft. 绸子摸起来很软。
Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer.
3.作宾补,放在宾语之后
keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补)
We are making our country strong.
4. 形容词的排列顺序:
如:a big yellow Chinese wooden ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)
前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为:
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠;
①“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词等。
②表观点的“描绘”性形容词如:beautiful、bad、interesting、great等。
③“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词big,small, ,short, tall
④表示“形状”的词如:round, square等。
⑤年龄,新旧,颜色的形容词young,old,new,white,red等
⑥“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。Chinese,rural(乡村的)
⑦“材料”的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。
⑧“作用类别”的词
如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等。两个圆形的蓝色日本塑料盘
5、有关形容词的用法辨析:
⑴ whole与all:记住两个词序:
①the whole + 名词;
如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙)
②all (of) the + 名词。
如:He can remember all the word she learns.
⑵ tall与high, short与low:
①指人的个子(树、楼)时用tall与short
如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮)
Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.
②指其他事物(含价格price时)一般用high与low。
A few people live on high mountains.
⑶ real与true:
①real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”
如:This is a real diamond and it’s very expensive.
②true指事情或消息的可靠性“真实的”
--Is that true?-Yes. I heard it with my own ears.
⑷ interested与interesting的区别:
①interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语.
如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him.
This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.
②interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的”,只能作表语
I am interested in science. (excited/exciting; bored/boring等类似)
(5)nice与fine:的区别:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等;
如:Let’s go and share the nice cake./ She is a nice girl.(漂亮的)
fine一般指身体或天气好
What a fine day!(多好的天气!)
I am fine. 我身体很好
(6)too much与much too:
①too