内容正文:
专题06 词法的构造与运用之代词
1、 代词的基本概念
代词是代替名词、形容词或数词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、相互代词、连接代词和关系代词共九类。
代词可以分为以下七大类
1
人称代词
主格
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格
me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2
物主代词
形容词性
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性
mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3
反身代词
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4
指示代词
this, that, these, those
5
疑问代词
who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6
关系代词
that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7
不定代词
one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,
other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
2、 人称代词:代替任何事物的名称,分主格和宾格。
人称代词是指用来替代人或物的代词,可分为三种人称,在句子中主要充当主语和宾语,所以又可据此分为主格人称代词和宾格人称代词,并且都有单复数的区别:
第一人称:I, we(主格);me, us(宾格)
第二人称:you, you(主格);you, you(宾格)
第三人称:he, she, it(主格);him, her, it(宾格)
I am a student from Canada.They went to the party by car last night.
Please give us some water.
She wants me to take these books to him.
1、 主格做主语,宾格做宾语或表语。
I don’t know her. This is me. Come with me.
2、 人称代词并列充当主语时,顺序为:
单数:you, he and I 复数:we, you and they
3、 it的特殊用法:
(1) 指前面提到过的事物:The book on the desk is not mine. It’s Jim’s.
(2) 代替指示代词:this,that。What’s that? It’s a pencil.
(3) 指婴儿或身份不明的人:Who is it?
(4)指天气weather:It was raining this morning.
(5)指时间time:It’s six thirty now.
(6)指距离distance:It is about three miles.
(7)代替上文提到的事情:The window was broken, but it wasn’t my fault.
(8)重要的句式: It is difficult for sb. to do sth.
It’s time to do…/ It’s time for…
3、 物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
物主代词是指用来表示所有(所属)关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性物主代词两大类。
1、形容词性物主代词
第一人称:my, our 第二人称:your, your 第三人称:his, her, its; their
My father is a doctor.I have given your sister the notebook.Their school is located in the suburb of London.
2、名词性物主代词
第一人称:mine, ours 第二人称:yours, yours 第三人称:his, hers, its; theirs
This is my book. It is mine.My coat is over there. Yours is right here.She is