内容正文:
专题02 词法的构造与运用之冠词
1、 不定冠词a/an的基本用法
(1)不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指,泛指某一人或某一物。如:
The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development. “中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦,是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
(2)表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。如:
When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick. 当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时,Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
(3)用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间;用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。如:
—Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood?There is a parcel for him.
—Sorry, but there is no such person here.
——劳驾,这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗?这里有他的包裹。
——对不起,这儿没有这么一个人。
(4)不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序,而表示“再一,又一”。如:
She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.
她不喜欢这两个包的颜色,又要了一个。
(5)表示单位时间内的频度,含有“每”的概念。
The medicine is to be taken three times a day. 这药每天吃三次。
(6)具有动作意义的名词在与have,take,make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时,前面要加不定冠词。如:
take a look看一看;
have a try试一试。
You had better go to the factory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。
(7)不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:
a waste of浪费……;
all of a sudden突然地;
as a rule通常。
It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday. 我突然想起我把她的生日给忘了。
用法
示例
在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物前
This is a book.
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类
A plane is a machine that can fly.
泛指某人或某物
A young man is waiting for you.
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等
There will be a strong wind in South China.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前
a knife and fork
“a+序数词”表示“又一,再一”
The cake is delicious and I would like a second one.
用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,有“每一”的意思
five lessons a week
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前
a teacher,a good student
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前
an apple tree,an interesting story
2、 定冠词的基本用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。如:
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到过的人或事物。如:
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。如:
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
Jan