Unit1 Section A Grammar Focus 知识点总结+练习 2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 1 Where did you go on a vacation?

Grammar Focus（3a--3c）

单元语法：

1. 不定代词

不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数的区别。常见的不定代词有：some, any, every, many, much, all, both, each, no, neither, either, few, a few, little, a little, other, another以及复合不定代词等。

(1)   复合不定代词的构成：

	-thing	-one	-body
any-	anything	anyone	anybody
some-	something	someone	somebody
every-	everything	everyone	everybody
no-	nothing	no one	nobody

(2)   复合不定代词的用法

①　由some构成的复合不定代词，多用于肯定句；也可用于期望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。

     I’m thirsty. I’d like something to drink.

     Would you like something to drink?

②　由any构成的复合不定代词，多用于否定句和疑问句中；当用于肯定句中时，意为“任何......”

     Henry didn’t see anyone in the park.

     Do you buy anything special?

     The test is very easy. I think anyone can pass it.

③　由some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式

     Something is wrong with my computer.

     Is there anything in the box?

④　复合不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后

     I had something special for dinner.

     Do you have anything to say?

2. 规则动词和不规则动词的过去式

规则动词得过去式

规则	例子
一般直接加-ed	watch--watched   play--played
以-e结尾，加-d	love--loved  hope--hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾，去y加-ied	cry--cried   study--studied
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed	plan--planned   stop--stopped

 

不规则动词的过去式

不规则动词的过去式没有固定的变化规则，只有部分有一些规律：

分类	例子
部分以-ow, -aw结尾的动词，将-ow, -aw变为-ew	blow--blew draw--drew grow--grew know--knew throw--threw
部分以-eep结尾的动词，将-eep变为-ept	keep--kept       sleep--slept    sweep--swept
部分以-eak结尾的动词，将-esk变为-oke	break--broke   speak--spoke
过去式和原形一样的动词	cost--cost    cut--cut   hit--hit   let--let    put--put     set--set read--read/red/

 

 

重点词汇： 

1. seem   v. 好像，似乎，看来（seem是系动词）

     He seems a nice man.

     She seems happy.

〖拓展〗seem to do sth. 好像做某事  

It seems + that从句 

     My father seemed to get angry with me.

     It seems that we all agree.  

2. bored   adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的

(1)   be(get) bored   感到厌倦，感到无聊  

(2)   be(get) bored of doing sth.  做某事感到厌倦，做某事感到无聊

     Nobody seems to be/get bored.

     Lily was/got bored of reading the book.

〖辨析〗bored和boring

	意义	用法
bored	adj. 厌倦的，烦闷的	通常形容人
boring	adj. 没趣的，令人厌倦（或厌烦）的	通常形容事物

     The boring movie made me bored.

3. 反身代词

有人称和数的变化，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾，单数第三人称有性的区别。反身代词可作宾语、表语、同位语。

	单数	复数
第一人称	myself	ourselves
第二人称	yourself	yourselves
第三人称	himself	themselves
	herself
	itself

常用短语：by oneself  独自

          enjoy oneself   玩的开心  

help oneself 自取，自便

     I hope you will enjoy yourselves at the party.

     He finished the task by himself.