2023-2024学年初高中衔接英语语法复习讲义

一、五个书写原则 1.字母要贴线写 2.保持一致的写作 3.保持合适的单词间距和词间字母间距 4.不要连笔写字母大小要一致 二、音标 1.音素是语言的最小单位,既有因素的符号叫音标,音素分元音与辅音。音素共有48个，其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。 2.国际音标由国际语言协会规定的一套音标,用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。一般来说,一个音标中有几个元音音素,就有几个音节。 3.音标发音时是由组成单词的各个音节的发音组合而成的。 4. 5.单词的重读 ①.单音节中 名词多重读第一音节 动词常常重读第二音节 ②.多音节通常重读倒数第三个音节 6.元音:发音时声带振动,呼吸的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍。 /i:/ he [hi:] green [ɡri:n] see [si:] / i / it [it] big [biɡ] little ['litl] /з:/ bird [bз:d] word [wз:d] her [hз:] /ə/ about [ə'baut] later ['leitə] mother ['mʌðə] /ɔ:/ door [dɔ:] horse [hɔ:s] walk [wɔ:k] /ɔ/ hot [hɔt] watch [wɔtʃ] body ['bɔdi] /u:/ school [sku:l] blue [blu:] moon [mu:n] /u/ book [buk] good [ɡud] look [luk] /a:/ park [pɑ:k] start [stɑ:t] far [fɑ:] / ʌ / mother ['mʌðə] up [ʌp] luck [lʌk] /æ/ apple ['æpl] map [mæp] cat [kæt] /e/ bed [bed] head [hed] letter ['letə] /ei/ say [sei] day [dei] late [leit] /ai/ hi [hai] night [nait] like [laik] /ɔi/ boy [bɔi] soil [sɔil] enjoy [in'dʒɔi] /au/ out [aut] loud [laud] how [hau] /əu/ old [əuld] most [məust] hope [həup] /iə/ here [hiə] near [niə] idea [ai'diə] /eə/ air [eə] hair [heə] wear [weə] /uə/ sure [ʃuə] poor [puə] tour [tuə] 7.辅音:又叫子音,是指气流在口腔或咽头受到阻碍而形成的音。发音时气流受到发音器官的各种阻碍,声带不一定振动。不够清晰响亮的音素叫做辅音。 (1).清辅音 /p/ picture ['piktʃə] please [pli:z] people ['pi:pl] / t/ take [teik] today [tə'dei] to [tu:] / k/ cake [keik] kite [kait] come [kʌm] /s/ six [siks] kiss [kis] say [sei] /ʃ/ sure [ʃuə] shop [ʃɔp] ship [ʃip] /tʃ/ chicken ['tʃikən] child [tʃaild] chip [tʃip] /f/ fine [fain] fun [fʌn] from [ frɔm] /θ/ thank [θæŋk] thing [θiŋ] think [θiŋk] /ts/