2024届高考英语复习各类动词答疑清单

英语动词答疑 一、何为谓语动词？ 答：能独立作谓语的动词。例如： l.He always helps others.(及物动词) 2.The student studied very hard.(不及物动词) 二、何为系动词？ 答：系动词，也称连系动词，是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作调语，其后必 须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。构成“主系表”句型结构。系动词主 要包括： l.状态类：表示人或事物的状态，如keep,continue,.remain,.stand,lie,stay等。 2.变化类：表示事物发展变化的过程，如become,.come,falL,get,grow,go,run,turm等。 3.感官类：表示人体感官的感受，如feel,smell,.taste,look,sound等。 4.表象类：表示“看起来像”，如seem(似乎)，appear(好像)，look(看起来像)等。 5.终止类：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out等，表达“证实；变成”之意。 例如： Please keep quiet/silent/calm/healthy! All the things remain unchanged. As we grow older,we know more and more. His plan proved practical. The teacher looked tired,but was still cheerful. 三、何为使役动词？ 答：表示“使、让”意义的动词。主要有have,make,get,leave,keep,let等。后均可接宾语和 宾语补足语，宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词、不定式(todo)、现在分词(doing)和过 去分词(done)。例如： The two cheats had the lights burning all night long. The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour. He got the car started. Who left the door open? 四、何为非谓语动词？ 答：不能单独作谓语的动词。一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还 有别的动词出现时，该动词则用非谓形式。例如： She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat. 谓语 连词谓语 She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat. 谓语 非谓语 Seeing the big snake,the little girl stood under the tree,frightened out of life. 非谓语 谓语 非谓语 五、非谓语有哪些形式？ 答：三种基本形式。 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 般式 to do to be done 不定式 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 现在分词/ 般式 doing being done 动名词 完成式 having done Having been done 过去分词 done 六、非谓语动词有哪些句法功能？ 功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 to do doing done 例如： To enter a good university for further study is my goal now.( My computer needs repairing but I forgot to take it to the repair shop.() No harm seems to have been done.(表语) Given enough time,we are sure to do it well. With time passing by,he almost forgot everything in the past.( The problem being discussed at the meeting is of great significance.( Having been ignored for a long time,.the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out..(状语；定语)