被动语态上课使用

PASSIVE VOICE 被动语态 Queenie 定义 A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 We planted the tree. B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 The tree was planted by us. 注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态（及物动词才有被动语态 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 We speak English. 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 主动 语态 被动 语态 They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。 CONTENTS 01 被动语态的构成 02 被动语态的基本用法 03 被动语态的特殊用法 04 主动形式表示被动意义 01 被动语态构成 be + 动词的过去分词 时态 be done 一般现在时 am（is，are）+done 一般过去时 was（were)+done 一般将来时 shall/will be+done 现在进行时 am（is，are）+being+done 现在完成时 have(has)+been+done 过去完成时 had+been+done 过去进行时 was(were)+being+done 过去将来时 would+be+done 含情态动词 can/must/may/...+be done 主动语态变被动语态 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by+宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 主动语态变被动语态 （1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 02 被动语态的基本用法 基本用法 1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。 例：My bike was stolen last night.(这时可省by短语)。   2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例：I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.   3.为了更好地安排句子。 例：The well-known person got on the bus and was recognized by people.（一个主语就够了） 4.需要强调客观事实 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. 据说相信 据说传言句型 It is said that+一些表示“据说”或“相信” 如用于句型“It＋ be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋从句及其他类似句型believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose”(分词形式） 例：It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.（＝ The boy is said to have passed the national exam.） 03 被动语态特殊用法 被动语态的特殊用法 在主动语态中,see/ watch/look at/hear/ notice/listen to/ feel/ make/ let/ have等词,其后+省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to. 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song i