英语定语从句讲解 课件-2023届中职高三英语一轮复习

语法专项--定语从句 什么是定语？ 用一些词/短语描述它/她们 导入 a red rose a lovely girl a girl in a hat a beautiful rose Mary is a lovely girl. lovely 做定语修饰名词girl 再来看下一句： Mary is a girl who is lovely. who is lovely是一个句子修饰名词girl，为定语从句 定语：修饰,限定名词或代词的词或短语或短 The girl in a hat is Mary. in a hat 这个短语做定语修饰the girl I will tell you something important. important 做定语修饰不定代词something。 一、什么是定语从句 例句：The clever boy is there. The boy who is clever is there. I like quiet music. I like music that is quiet. You must do everything that I do. 注意：以上例句中，boy，music和everything都是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句要放在先行词的后面，而从句往往要由一个引导词引出来，如以上例句中的who, that. 定语从句，在句子中起定语的作用，修饰名词或代词，从句放在所修饰的词之后 基本结构：…+先行词+引导词+定语从句 二、引导词 （一）、由关系代词引导的定语从句： who、whom、which、that、whose 1. who 和whom The boy who is reading a book is my brother. The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 两者都指人，who在从句中可以做主语和宾语，而whom只可以做宾语，但当在从句中做宾语 时，who和whom都可以省略。 I know a girl who likes red. Do you know the man who/whom/省略 we met yesterday. 注意：做介词的宾语时，则只能用whom且不可以省略 The girl to whom he wrote is his friend. 2. which 例1：This is a factory which sells TV sets. Which代替的是先行词factory，因此从句可以还原为 The factory sells TV sets。可以看出，which在从句中做主语。 例2：This is the pen which he bought yesterday. Which 代替的是the pen，从句就可以还原成He bought the pen yesterday. 先行词在从句中做宾语，此时可以省略。 总结：which在定语从句中指物，可在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时可以省略。 3. that 既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who和whom，指物时，相当于which。在从句中可以做主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略 The people who/that come to visit the city are all here. This is the building which/that we built. Do you know the man who/whom/that/省略 I saw this morning? 4. whose 指人指物都可以，在从句中做定语，表示一种所属关系 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I live in a house whose roof is red. 5. 下列情况只能用that而不用which a. 先行词前有序数词修饰时 This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday. b.先行词前有adj.最高级修饰时： This is the most exciting game that I have ever watched。 c. 先行词是all，little， few，something，anything， everything 等不 定代词时