Unit 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT（单元知识清单）-【上好课】高二英语同步备课系列(人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

Unit 1单元知识清单

重点单词

1.   crucial 关键的 ---crucially 关键地
2.   vital adj 必不可少的---vitally adv 生死攸关地
3.   commit v 承诺；保证---committed adj 坚定的；坚信的---commitment n 忠诚；献身
4.   objective adj 客观的； n 目标---object n 物体；目标；v 反对---objection n 反对
5.   distinct adj 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的---distinction n 区别；差别---distinctive adj 独特的
6.   obtain vt 赢得；获得；vi 规章、习俗的存在---obtainable adj 可得到的
7.   acknowledge vt 承认；公开感谢---acknowledged adj 公认的---acknowledgement n 承认；感谢
8.   defeat vt 击败；战胜； n 挫败---defeated adj 被击败的；受挫的
9.   analyse vt 分析---analyst n 分析者---analysis n 分析；化验分析；心理分析
10. insist v 坚持；坚决要求---insistence n 坚决要求；坚持主张---insistent adj 坚持的；坚决要求的
11. scientific adj 科学的；关于科学的---science n 科学---scientist n 科学家
12. conclusion n 结论；推论---conclude v 断定；完成---conclusive adj 结论性的；毫无疑问的
13. circumstance n 条件；环境；状况---circumstances (复数)
14. found vt 创建；建立；把...建立在---founded（过去式；过去分词）---founder n 创建者
15. infer v 推断；推定---inference n 推理；推断
16. politician n 从政者；政治家；政客---political adj 政治上的
17. theory n 理论；学说---theoretical adj 理论的；假设的
18. relativity n x相对性；相对论---relativistic adj 相对的
19. gentle adj 温柔的---gently adv 文静地
20. passion adj 酷爱；激情---passionate adj 狂热的
21. consequence n 结果；后果---consequent adj 随之发生的---consequently 因此；结果
22. remarkable adj 非凡的；显著的---remark 言论

重点词组

1.   commit oneself to do承诺，保证做某事，遵守协议或安排等

2.   insist on坚决要求
3.   flow chart流程表
4.   take up position担任,任职
5.   wear and tear(正常使用造成的)磨损,损耗
6.   come to power开始掌权上台
7.   sum up总结概括
8.   according to根据,按照,据........所说
9.   beyond control失控
10. with the help of......在..........帮助之下
11. hang on不挂断，稍等，紧紧握住
12. due to由于,因为
13. lead to 导致
14. under construction 在建设之中
15. stand up to抵抗，顶得住，经得起
16. pass away消失，去世

17.make great contributions to对........做出巨大贡献

重点句式

1.It strikes sb that...某人突然想到……

It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.

令他震惊的是，照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。

(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)我突然意识到，对队里所有的女孩来说，与另一支球队比赛是一个伟大的学习时刻。

It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.

2.“on/upon＋名词/动名词”作状语

Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.There is a team behind me, ...”

当听到她被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这荣誉不仅属于我。我的背后有一个团队，……

(2020·课标全国卷Ⅱ)一到达那里，我们就帮忙采摘西瓜。(on/upon doing sth)

On/Upon arriving there，we helped picked watermelons.

3.as though/if从句用虚拟语气

He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.

他留着浓密的小胡子和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。

当他在街角看到他的母亲时，男孩伤心地哭了起来，好像他被别人骂了。

When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as though he had been scolded by someone else.

4.独立主格结构

He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well­known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝ mc2.

他为世界作出了很多贡献，最著名的是广义相对论和著名公式E＝mc2。

如果时间允许，我将领你去另一个旅游景点逛逛。(独立主格)

Time permitting, I will show you around another tourist.

重点词汇详解

1.circumstance n.条件;环境;状况

【教材原句】

Her circumstances are beyond our control.她的情况是我们无法控制的。

【词汇精讲】

circumstance n.条件;环境;状况,常用复数形式。

Obviously we can’t deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances.

显然,我们只有了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。

I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.

我真希望我们是在更愉快的情况下相识的。

【词汇拓展】

Under no circumstances will they give up; they never have and never will.