UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 过去分词与动词­ing形式作表语和状语 [对应学生用书P111] [观察] 1.For both of them，the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting. 2.Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. 3.The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 4.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 5.However，they did not anticipate seeing such an open country，and were truly amazed. [探究] 1.句1中的加黑词是动词­ing形式作表语。 2.句2中的加黑词是动词­ing形式短语作状语。 3.句3和句5中，加黑词都是形容词化的过去分词，在句中作表语，表示主语的性质或所处的状态。 4.句4中的过去分词短语在句中作状语。作状语的过去分词(短语)和句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。 请思考过去分词与动词­ing形式作表语和状语的区别。 一、过去分词和动词­ing形式的用法归纳 语态及 用法 主动 被动 用法 一般式 完成式 一般式 完成式 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 动词­ing 形式 doing having done being done having been done √ √ √ √ √ √ 过去分词 done √ √ √ √ 二、过去分词与动词­ing形式作表语 过去分词与动词­ing形式位于系动词(如be、get、become、look、feel、seem等)之后作表语，多表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特性。 [感知] 1.He looked worried after reading the letter. 看完信后，他显得很忧虑。 2.Though I couldn't understand most of it at the very beginning，the whole experience was exciting and refreshing. 虽然一开始我还不能完全理解，但整个经历令人兴奋和耳目一新。 3.The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。 4.The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打碎的。 [探究] 1.句1中过去分词worried和句2中动词­ing形式短语exciting and refreshing均在系动词后作表语。 2.句2中动词­ing形式短语与其逻辑主语the whole experience之间为主动关系；句3中过去分词broken与其逻辑主语The cup之间是被动关系。 3.句3中is broken构成系表结构；句4中was broken构成一般过去时的被动语态。 [归纳] 1.过去分词和动词­ing形式作表语时，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间一般是被动关系，而动词­ing形式则表示主动关系。 2.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或主观的心理感受，相当于形容词(词性)的作用，常译作“感到……的”。动词­ing形式作表语，相当于形容词，表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”，用来表示主语所具有的特征或属性。 3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 [即练] 单句填空 ①We were surprised(surprise) at what he said at the meeting. ②When we heard of it，we were deeply moved(move). ③He said something else that I thought was interesting(interest). ④His discouraging words made many people discouraged.(discourage) ⑤He never thought he would win the compe