内容正文:
第15章 定语从句
Part1 中考考点讲解
定语从句是中考必考考点之一,主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序,有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词、关系副词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。
一、概念和分类
1.概念
在复合句中充当定语,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句. 一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose;关系副词有when,where,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
2. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
二、关系代词的基本用法
作主语
作宾语
作定语
指人
who/that
who/whom/that/省略
whose
指物
which/that
which/that/省略
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which:
(1)先行词为all,much,something,everything,nothing,little,none,the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
(3)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
(5)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(6)先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
(7)主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to T