Unit 2 比较级2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

比较级 一.规则 大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1.单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级,如: tall(高的)-taller-tallest;great(巨大的)-greater-greatest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st,如: nice(好的)-nicer-nicest;large(大的)-larger-largest;able(有能力的)-abler-ablest 3.以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est,如: big(大的)-bigger-biggest;hot(热的)-hotter-hottest;red(红色的)-redder-reddest 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est,如: easy(容易的)-easier-easiest;busy(忙的)-busier-busiest 5.以“-ly”结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more,most,如: slowly-more slowly-most slowly;bravely-more bravely-most bravely;quickly-more quickly-most quickly 6.少数以“-er”“-ow”结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est,如: clever(聪明的)-cleverer-cleverest;narrow(窄的)-narrower-narrowest 7.其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级,如: important(重要的)-more important-most important;easily(容易地)-more easily-most easily 8.一些词的比较级和最高级,可以加-er,-est;也可以加more,most如: clever-cleverer-cleverest;clever-more clever-most clever 9.不规则变化,有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆,如: good/well-better-best; bad/ill/badly-worse-worst; many/much-more-most; little-less-least; far(表示距离)-farther-farthest;far(表示程度)-further-furthest; old-older/elder-oldest(表示新旧或年龄)/eldest(表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系) 10.一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式,如: right,wrong,full,empty,round,complete,wooden,dead,daily等 11.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是,形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带。 二.比较级的用法 ①比较级+ than Yao Ming is taller than Jordan. Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。 ②比较级+than any other+可数名词单数 =比较级+than the other+可数名词复数 She is taller than any other girl.=She is taller than the other girls. ③the +比较级+of the two… She is the thinner of the two girls. ④比较级 +and +比较级 越来越…… better and better 越来越好 ⑤the +比较级+句子, the+ 比较级 +句子 越……, 就越……。 The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 吃的越多,会变得越胖。 The older, the wiser.姜是老的辣。 The harder you work, the luckier you will be! 越努力越幸运! ⑥Who/Which...,A or B? 二选一用比较级 Who is stronger, your friend or your brother? (3)形容词最高级的用法 ①Who/Which...,A,B or C? 三选一用最高级 Who is the most outgoing, Tom,Sam or Peter? ②t