2024年中考英语专项复习模块一词汇：7.冠词讲义

冠词

冠词分为不定冠词a/an，定冠词the和零冠词。

1. 不定冠词的用法

a用于辅音音素之前，an用于元音音素之前

Eg: It’s raining now. Take an umbrella, please.

   This is a usual thing.

①　与单数可数名词连用，表示同类人或物中的任何一个或其中之一，意为“一个，某个”

Eg: I want to buy a car.

   He is an honest boy.

②　与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物，句子译作中文时，不定冠词一般不译出

Eg: A teacher must grasp professional knowledge. （老师必须掌握专业知识。）

   An student should realize the importance of studying hard.

（学生应该意识到刻苦学习的重要性。）

③　用在一些集体名词、专有名词以及具体化的抽象名词和物质名词前，意为“一类，一种”等意义

Eg: We need an army to protect our country.

   I never a Eric in my neighborhood.

   What a pity!

   She drank a coffee this morning.

④　与单数可数名词连用，表示数量或单位数量，意为“一，每，一种”

Eg: It took me an hour to get to the airport.

   My mother cleans the house three times a week.

   It’s a symbol of good luck.

⑤　用于序数词前，意为“又一，再一”

Eg: They asked for a second chance.

   I’m so thirsty that I’ve drunk two bottles of water. Now I still want a third one.

⑥　用于某些固定词组

a bit   a few    a little   in a word    have a cold   have a fever    have a headache

have a cough   to an end   take a pride in    play a trick on   play a role in   once upon a time   have a rest    take a break   a great deal

 

2. 定冠词的用法

①　指上文提到的人或事物

Eg: There is a pen on your desk. Give the pen to me please.

   Here are two shirts. The blue one is yours.

②　表示说话人和听话人都知道的人或事

Eg: Your brother is sleeping. Please turn off the TV.

   He was arrested by the police.

③　用于序数词和last, first, next, only, same等具有特指意义的形容词之前

Eg: She is the first woman who reached the top of Qomolangma.

   He arrived in Shanghai the next morning.

   It’s the only secret between us.

④　用于比较级和最高级前

Eg: Which do you think is the more delicious food of the two, hamburger or ice-cream?

   It’s the most interesting movie I’ve watched.

⑤　用在表示方位和方向的名词前

Eg: The bookstore is on the west of the museum.

   You can see a zoo on the left.

⑥　用在表示世界上独一无二的自然现象或事物之前

Eg: The moon moves around the earth.

   We have friends all over the world.

⑦　用于单数名词或某些形容词之前，表示某一类人、物或抽象概念

Eg: The lion is the king of animals.

   He volunteered to help the sick in the hospital.

⑧　用于集体名词、物质名词和专有名词前

Eg: The people at present were Lily’s friends.

   The iron is usually harder than the stone.

   I visited the Summer Palace two years ago.

⑨　用于表示乐器的名词前

Eg: Peter can play the violin well.

   Mary has learned to played the piano for ten years.

⑩　“the+姓氏的复数”表示整个家庭

Eg: The Smiths are having dinner.

⑪　用于某些固定的词组中

    At the moment    at the same time    in the end    on the left/right   all the time   in the morning   the day after tomorrow   the day before yesterday   at the foot of    around the world   in the front of    by the end of    in the middle of    by the way

 

3. 零冠词的用法

①　表示泛指的复数名词前

Eg: Most girls work harder than boys.

   Students are encouraged to read books.

②　一日三餐、球类、棋、牌等名词前

Eg: To keep healthy, we should have breakfast every day.

   They like playing basketball.

   Some old men played chess under the tree.

③　表示节日、季节、月份或星期中7天的名词前