重庆市巴蜀2022-2023学年八年级下学期英语语法讲解练习 第一节 动词不定式

第一节 动词不定式 动词一般在句子中做谓语：(圈出下列句子的谓语) Many boys like sports. His dog died last year. He will be a good teacher one day. 非谓语动词: 在句子中不作谓语的形式。其可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等， 在句中起名词、形容词、副词的作用。 (圈出下列句子的谓语，划出其非谓语) Many boys like playing basketball. His dog wants to have a walk in the park. I found him watching a movie in his room. The boy beaten by his mother was crying at that time. 非谓语动词的三种形式：动词不定式、动名词、分词 (现在分词和过去分词)。 动词不定式可作的成分：其可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等。 动词不定式的形式：其由“to+动词原形”构成，有时 to 可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。 1、动词不定式作主语： (learn) English well is necessary for us. 当动词不定式作主语时，为了避免因主语过长而“头重脚轻”，常常用“It’s + 形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth.”的形式。 (have) a healthy life is necessary for us. = It’s necessary for us (have) a healthy life. 形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型有三种： ( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )It’s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. It’s + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth. It’s +n. +(for sb.) to do sth. It’s easy me to finish the homework every day. It’s kind him to help us so much. It’s our duty (look) after our parents when they get old. 2、动词不定式作宾语。 常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词: wish, agree, afford, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want 等。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 We decided (get) there by subway instead of taking the train. I hope (meet) again. I can’t afford (buy) that expensive watch. 注意：在 find, think 等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语—动词不定式后置。 I find it easy (make) friends with my classmates. We think it hard (learn) so many new English words. 3、动词不定式作表语。 抽象名词作主语一般用动词不定式作表语。 My dream is (become) a pilot. Our plan is (travel) around the world. Their goal is (beat) us in the basketball match. 4、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式可以作名词的定语，一般为后置定语 I don’t have a partner (practice) English with. They want to buy a big house (live) in. I am hungry and I really need some food (eat) 5、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语时，通常表示目的、原因、结果等。 He is sad (hear) the bad news. (不定式作 状语) He studies hard (get) good grades. (不定式作 状语) The work is too hard for me (finish). (不定式作 状语) (improve) my spoken Englis