Unit 1语法讲解（动词的被动语态）讲义-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

2023年新人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册Unit 1 语法练习（被动语态） 内容讲解： 什么时候用被动语态？ 1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者, 2.只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 被动语态结构： be + 过去分词(PP) + (by …) 在改写中应注意： 1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; 2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。 时态 被动语态结构 一般现在时 am/is/are done 一般过去时 was/were done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 过去进行时 was/were being done 一般将来时 shall/will/be going to be done 过去将来时 Would be done 现在完成时 have/has been done 过去完成时 had been done Eg. 1) A car knocked him down yesterday. -He was knocked down by a car yesterday． 2)Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team． The medical team is made up of by two doctors and ten nurses. 3)When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree． A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there. 4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday． The play will be put on next Sunday． 5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school． A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school． 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year． The railway had been completed by the end of last year． 7)We should protect the earth． The earth should be protected． 8)You need to paint the wall． The wall needs to be painted． 几种特殊结构 1.My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday． I was given a gift on my birthday． A gift was given to me on my birthday. 2.We often hear him play guitar． He is often heard to play guitar. 注意： see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at 等动词 / 短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。 We should take care of the old people . The old people should be taken care of. 主动式表被动义 1.动词 (表示主语的属性特征，如read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。 1.The books sell well． 2.This kind of cloth washes easily． 2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard, fit, pleasant,good, comfortable, light, heavy, safe,… 1.The fish is not fit to eat (eat)． 2. We find English is hard to learn (learn)． 3.The article is difficult to understand (understand). 3.不定式作后置