内容正文:
被动语态
一、相关概念
1.含义:语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的关系.如果主语是动词的执行者,则使用 语态,如果主语是动作的承受者,则使用 语态,在句中,不强调动作的执行者时,通常使用 语态.
2.主动语态变被动语态
主动语态: The boy broke the window yesterday.
↓↓ 动作执行者 动词主动形式 动作承受者
被动语态: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.
动作承受者 动词被动形式 动作执行者
3.构成:
(1)肯定句:主语+ be + done(过去分词) + (by...).
·英语被许多人说.English many people.
(2)否定句:主语+ be not + done(过去分词) + (by...).
·这条路不经常被使用.This road very often.
(3)一般疑问句:Be+主语+done(过去分词)+(by...)?
·那座桥是被建在长江上吗? that bridge over the Changjiang River?
(4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+done(过去分词)+(by...)?
·电话是什么时候被发明的? the telephone ?
4.知识拓展:注意人称,时态和数的变化.(以give为例)
时态
主动语态
被动语态结构
一般现在时
give/gives
现在进行时
is/am/are giving
一般将来时
shall/will give
现在完成时
have/has given
一般过去时
gave
过去进行时
was/were giving
情态动词
must/can/may give
二、主动语态变被动语态的几种特殊情况和注意事项:
1. 用于词组的被动语态,常用于表示“据说”或者“相信”,例如:
据说________________________________
人们相信________________________________
据报道_______________________________
人们认为 _______________________________
有望_______________________________
众所周知_______________________________
2.巧记口诀:感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪。 主动语态_________,被动语态_________。
感______ _______ _______ _______ _______
使役______ _______ _______ ________
·The boss made him work all day. ----He all day (by the boss).
·I often hear her sing this song. ----She often this song (by me).
3.动词短语变为被动语态时,不能丢掉动词后的介词或者副词. 【介不丢】
·She takes care of the baby every day. ----The baby by her every day.
·People should speak to the old politely. ----The old politely by people.
·This dictionary mustn’t the library.
A. take away B. be taken away C. be taken away from
4.主动形式表示被动含义(主表被)
1) 像_______ , _______, _______, _______, _______,_______等系动词(系动词无被动语态)
This shirt feel