高中英语五原一中校本课程2

Lesson 1

It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival,he parked  his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.
  The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.
   I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
   People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.

Words and expressions

warm up                     预热; 热身;使活跃

park [pɑ:k]                n. 公园；停车

vt. 停放；放置；寄存 

vi. 停放车辆

put in                        度过; 付出（时间、经历等）

support[sə'pɔ:t]            vt. 支持; 支撑; 支援；赡养; 供养；扶持; 帮助

n. 支持; 维持；支持者; 支撑物；支援; 供养

distance['distəns]           n. 距离；远方；疏远；间隔

shortly['ʃɔ:tli]            adv. 立刻；简短地；唐突地

shortly after                   在......之后；马上

complete[kəm'pli:t]        adj. 完全的；完整的；彻底的

vt. 完成

go out of one’s way            不怕麻烦；尽力地

spread   [spred]           vt. 传播; 散布；展开；伸展；铺开

strengthen ['streŋθən]        vt. 加强；巩固

as a whole                    总体上；就总体来说

mindful  ['maindful]       adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的

everlasting[evə'lɑ:stiŋ]      adj. 永恒的；接连不断

Comprehending
1. Why was the bike so important to the couple?
  A. The man’s job was bike racing.           B. It was their only possession.
  C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.              D. They used it for work and daily life.
2. We can infer from the text that ____________.
  A. the couple worked 60 hours a week       B. people were busy before Christmas
  C. the stranger brought over the bike          D. life was hard for the young family
3. How did people get to know the couple’s problem?
  A. From radio broadcasts.                 B. From a newspaper.
  C. From TV news.                          D. From a stranger.
4. What do the couple learn from their experience?
  A. Strangers are usually of little help.        B. One should take care of their bike.
  C. News reports make people famous.       D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.

Notes to the text

1) While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work.当大多数人都在发动汽车的时候，我丈夫特雷弗只能早早地起床，从家里骑着自行车，到四公里外的地方去上班。

此句中包含有while 引导的时间状语从句，译为“当……时候”，away from的译为“远离……”。

2) And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us from having to walk long

distances from where we live. 这辆车还让我们不用从住的地方走很远的路去买食品和杂货。

此句中包含有（1）be used to do 的结构，译为“被用来做某事”。

（2）save sb. from (doing) sth. 译为“使某人免于做某事；挽救某人于……,” 例如：

You’ve saved me from going back to school for my school bag. 多亏你，我不用回学校拿书包了。Where we live为from 后的宾语从句。

3) I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. 我很伤心，尽然有人会偷我们的自行车，因此就写信到报社倾诉我们的遭遇。

此句中的that someone would steal our bike为be sad 后的宾语从句，而that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story.为 so…that …引导的结果状语从句，译为“如此……以至于……”

4) It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before. 一个素不相识的人尽力去帮助一个素未谋面的人，这真的很可敬。

此句中的it 为形式主语，that从句才是真正的主语。go out of one’s way 意思为：不怕麻烦；尽力地。例如：The teacher always goes out of her way for her students.那位老师为了学生总是不辞辛劳。

5) This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. 这段经历对我们的生活产生了深远的影响，因为这增强了我们对人性的信心。

6) And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others.还让我们更加留心我们有什么东西是可以和他人分享的。

此句中we, too, can share with others是修饰ways的一个定语从句，省略了关系词that或in which ; be mindful of 应译为“留心；小心”。

例如：You should always be mindful of your duty. 你应该时刻谨记你的责任。

Be mindful of the traffic when you cross the road. 过马路的时候要注意车辆。

Be mindful of the environment. Don’t waste water. 要有环保意识，别浪费水。

Learning about language

I. Words

1. support

1) Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) Bill had to support Jill or she would have fallen to the floor.

____________________________________________________________________________

3）The plan was cancelled because of lack of support.

____________________________________________________________________________

4）你能发言支持这个想法吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

5）他有一个大家庭要养活。

___________________________________________________________________________

6）他的家人很支持他的决定。

___________________________________________________________________________

2. honor

1) He had the honor of representing his country at the Olympic Games.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) I was taught to show honor to my elders.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) 我们举行了聚会来庆祝我的生日。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 很荣幸由我来介绍Mr. Jones。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 人人都应该尊敬自己的父母。

___________________________________________________________________________

6) 赢得那份奖真是一个极大的荣誉。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. effect

1) This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity as a whole.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) A new system of taxation will come /go /take effect next May. = A new system of taxation will be brought/put/carried into effect next May.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 父母的言行对孩子有很大的影响。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 半个小时后安眠药（sleeping pills）才起作用。(It’s…before…)

___________________________________________________________________________

6) 我们应该采取有效措施保护环境。

___________________________________________________________________________

4. share

1) I forget to take my umbrella. May I share your umbrella?

____________________________________________________________________________

2) He holds 500 shares in a shipping company.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) We shall all have a share in the profits.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 他们总是共享快乐和悲伤。

___________________________________________________________________________5) 我正在给你写信和你共享我的经历。

___________________________________________________________________________

5. offer

1) They apologized for only being able to offer us black bread and tea.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) I’ve had an offer of $1000 for the house.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 你主动借给我一些书,真是太好了。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 那家公司提供一个当秘书的工作给我。

___________________________________________________________________________

6. experience

1) ______________is the mother of wisdom.

2) I had rather some unforgettable____________________ those days in the country.

3) It was the first time that he _____________________ the scene of beauty.

4) Though he hasn’t received an advanced education, he is an _____________ worker.

5) 你在英语教学上有经验吗？ ___________________________________________________________________________

6) 他在和孩子交往上很有经验。___________________________________________________________________________

II. Phrases

1. pick up

1) The pupils ______________ when their teacher comes into the classroom.

2) He____________________ some French while he was staying in Paris.

3) He felt so sick that he ___________________everything that he ate.

4) I said something that made Joe angry on the phone, and he __________________on me.

5) When he left school he ____________________journalism to support his family.

6) Please _______________all these pieces of paper and throw them into the dustbin.

7) Gas was _____________so he had to go to a gas station.

8) He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn’t _________________ by now.

9) To my surprise, their friendship is_______________________.

10) Please _________________the cold meat, which is too cold to eat.

11) The table _________________ too much room and there is no space left.

12) Exercise __________________ the muscles.

13) Entering the room, Lester ________________ his hat and coat and then sat in the sofa..

14) He was __________________ by his aunt after his parents died.

15) You should _________________ smoking. It’s bad for your health.

16) The picture___________________ memories of our class trip.

17) I’ll __________you___________ at the hotel after the meeting breaks up.

18) _______________ the word in the dictionary.

2. used to do sth.

1) I have always ___________________________hard work.

2) He ______________________devoted to playing football when he was a little boy.

3) Now techniques______________________ increase production in agriculture ..

4) I_________ not ________________ being treated like this.

5) There ________________ be some trees in this field.

6) Knives_____________________ cutting things.

III. Sentences

1. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does.一到了上班的地方，他像往常一样把自行车停在后门外面。

On (one’s) arrival 表示 “一到达就……”, 英语中用on/upon 后面加上名词或动名词，表示: 一……就……。

1) 他一回到家乡就去拜访他的老朋友。

___________________________________________________________________________

2) 你一来我就告诉你这件事。
___________________________________________________________________________

3) 她一听这个悲伤的消息忍不住哭了。

___________________________________________________________________________

as在此句中的译为 “正如……就像……；按照……” 引导方式状语从句。As当连词用可以引导多种从句,引导原因状语从句时译为 “因为” ; 引导时间状语从句时译为 “随着，当……时候”；引导比较状语从句时译 为“和……一样”；引导定语从句时译为 “正如……”；引导让步状语从句时, 译为 “尽管”。

1) _____________________（随着时间的推移），his illness got worse.

2) _____________________（当他是个孩子的时候），he took interest in playing football.

3) _____________________（由于我感冒了）， I was absent from school.

4) The film was not so good _____________________（正如我所料想的那样）。

5) _____________________（众所周知），the earth goes around the sun.

6）Please do _____________________ (按照我说的).

值得注意的是as当尽管讲时，要采用倒装的语序，要把表语、状语、动词原形提前到句首，结构为：名词/形容词/副词动/词原形+主语+谓语, 而且需要注意的是当表语是单数名词时，提前时要省略冠词a/an。

7) _____________________ (尽管他是个孩子), he knows a lot.

8) _____________________（尽管他很年轻），he has travelled a lot.

9) _____________________（尽管她尽了了最大的努力）， Sue couldn’t get the door open.

10) _____________________（尽管我很喜欢你），I will not marry you.

2. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares.善举不论大小，都表现了人的关爱.

No matter+疑问词译为“无论……”引导让步状语从句，可以和疑问词+ever形式互换。

Whatever you do, wherever you go, I’ll be right here waiting for you.

=No matter what you do, no matter where you go, I’ll be right here waiting for you.

但需要注意的是，在名词性从句中只能用疑问词+ever的形式。

No matter what you say is of no use. (错)

Whatever you say is of no use (对)

Prisoners have to eat no matter what they are given. (错)

Prisoners have to eat whatever they are given. (对)

1) 不管你说什么我都不相信。

___________________________________________________________________________2) 不管多远今天我都打算开车去哪里。

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 无论谁最后离开，请关灯。

___________________________________________________________________________

Lesson  2

Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.

   My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him, as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.

   On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping ，ate on the street table , and laughed over my son’ s funny facial expressions .Gone was my father’s critical air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?

   The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years. I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.

Words and expressions

Tucson ['tu:sɔn; tu:'sɔn]          n.  图森（美国亚利桑那州南部城市）

Arizona [æri'zəunə]              n.  美国亚利桑那州

eager ['i:ɡə]                    adj. 渴望的；热切的；热心的

devoted [di'vəutid]              adj.  献身的；忠诚的  

uncomfortable [ʌn'kɔmfətəbl]     adj.  不舒服的；不安的

fear [fiə]                       n.  害怕；担心；恐惧；敬畏

                              vt.  害怕；敬畏；为……担心

vi.  害怕；敬畏；为……担心

bitter ['bitə]                     adj. 苦的；痛苦的

n.  苦味

vt.  使变苦

used to do                          过去常常做某事

struggle ['strʌɡl]                 vi.  挣扎；奋斗; 努力

vt.  使劲移动；尽力使得

n.   努力; 奋斗；竞争

think up                            想出；发明；虚构

on guard                            警惕；站岗

facial ['feiʃəl]                   adj. 面部的；表面的；脸的

critical ['kritikəl]                 adj. 批评的；爱挑剔的

hold back                           阻拦；使犹豫

Comprehending

1．Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young adult?

A. He was silent most of the time.     B. He was too proud of himself.

C. He did not love his children.        D. He expected too much of her.

2．When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel___________.       .

A. nervous   B. sorry     C. tired     D. safe

3．What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?

A. More critical.          B. More talkative.

 C. Gentle and friendly.     D. Strict and hard-working.

4．The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to ___________.       .

A. the author’s son           B. the author’s father

C. the friend of the author’s father   D. the café owner

Notes to the text

1. My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family , but uncomfortable with his children. 在我早年的印象中，我父亲是一个高大,英俊而成功的男人，他专注于他的工作和家庭，却无法与自己的孩子自由自在相处。

句中devoted to “忠诚于...…,热衷于…...”，以及uncomfortable with “ 与…...相处不自在 ”, 都充当后置定语修饰man。

2. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was . 他似乎对我不甚满意，除非我获得优异的成绩；他也似乎对我的男朋友不太满意，如果他们的父亲不如他那么成功。

straight A’ s 表示“美国学业成绩全优A”，not so …as 不像…...一样。

3. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard. 周末跟他一起出去时，我总是得绞尽脑汁找话题，感觉如临大敌。

Gone was my father’s critical air and strict rules. 父亲的挑剔和不苟言笑全然不见了。

此句是倒装句，由于主语太长，为了避免头重脚轻，使用了完全倒装，正常语序应为“My father’s critical air and strict rules was gone”。

4. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around ? What had held him back before ? 眼前这个和蔼可亲、平易近人的人还是我以前所认识的父亲吗？那么以前是什么让他把真实的自己隐藏起来了呢？

句中第二个who 引导了定语从句，指代my father。

And in so doing , I’m delighted with my new friend . 同时，我也很喜欢这位“新朋友”。

and in so doing 译为“ 这样做, 如此，同时 ”。

 例如: And in so doing you will catch a dream bigger than you also thought possible.

这样，你就将会捕获一个也会超出你预期可能的更大梦想。

Learning about language

I. Words

1. eager

1) He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his new friends.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) Fans are eager for a glimpse of the singer.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) For students eager to be useful to society, nowhere is education better than in college —studying there is like bathing yourself in the oceans of knowledge.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 我渴望尽快返回学校。

____________________________________________________________________________

5) 对于你来说，急于求成看上去不太好。

____________________________________________________________________________

2. devoted

1）My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children.

____________________________________________________________________________

2）But at the moment , like many single men of his age, he is devoted to his profession.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) If we stopped agonizing (痛苦) over small choices ,we could devote more energy to the really big decisions in life.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 他退休后将把精力花在园艺上。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）我的同桌热衷于摇滚音乐。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. struggle

1) Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) We should struggle for better conditions of living all our lives.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) So, choose what you do in life based on whether it fits you , not struggle to do something that doesn't fit you.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 他尽力使自己镇定下来。

____________________________________________________________________________

5）她为自己祖国的独立而奋斗终身。

___________________________________________________________________________

6) 他的一生都在与疾病作艰苦的斗争。

___________________________________________________________________________

II . Phrases

1. used to do sth.

1) I ______________ go to cinema a lot ,but I never get the time now.

2) You will __________________ the weather here.

3) The medicine _________________ cure your high blood pressure.

2. hold back

1) Although they lost their jobs ,saving and unemployment benefits allow the couple to ________ their comfortable home.

2) No one can ______________the wheel of history.

3) Will you please ____________a minute?

4) Therefore, the people all over the world should _____________and fight a battle against AIDS.

5) The performance was ___________till the following week.

III . Sentence

Gone was my father’s critical air and strict rules.

此句为全部倒装句，倒装句分为部分倒装和全部倒装。

全部倒装有以下几种情况:

1.There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。

2.“Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语” 结构

说明:本句型中there是副词, 应重读, 强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义。 除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词, 就不用倒装。

3.表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但主语是代词时部分倒装。

4.表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house,in the middle of the room等) 放在句首时,要全部倒装。

5. 主语太长，为了保持句子的平衡，使用全部倒装。

6. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。

即学即练

1. 判断下面的句子分别属于哪一类倒装

1）There stood a dog before him.

2）There exist different opinions on this question.

3）Here comes the old lady! 

4）Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

5）There comes the bus.  

6）Now comes your turn.

7）Here you are. 

8）There she comes.

9）In came Mr White. 

10）Up went the arrow into the air. 

11）Away went the boy.

12）On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.

13）In front of the classroom is a playground.

14）They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.

15）Such was the story he told me.

16）First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building.

17）Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.

18）Long live the People’s Republic of China!

2. 单项填空

1)  ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at  B .There stands; under  C. Stands there; under   D. There stands; at

2) There ________. And here ________.

A. goes the phone; she comes            B. is the phone going; is she

C. does the phone go; does she come      D. the phone goes; come she

3) Out ________, with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush     B. rushed he    C. he rushed   D. he did rush

4) ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.

A. Jumped down the robber        B Jumped the robber down

C. Down jumped the robber        D Down the robber jumped

5)  Near the church ________ cottage.

A. was such an old    B. had a so old   C. was such old a     D. is so an old

Lesson 3

It’s not easy being a teenager—nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.

Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy. Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.

Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）. Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part–time job.

Words and expressions

drug [drʌg]                      n.  药品；麻醉药；毒品

insist [ɪn'sɪst]                   v.  坚持；坚决认为；坚决主张；坚决要求

likely ['laikli]                   adj. & adv. 很可能的

attempt [ə'tɛmpt]                 v.  努力；试；企图

privary ['praivəsi]                n.  隐私；秘密；隐私权

seek [si:k] (sought, sought [sɔ:t] )    v.  寻找；寻求；征求；追求

personal ['pə:sənl]               adj. 个人的；私人的

be unwilling to do sth.               不愿意做某事

be open to                          对……开放；愿意接受……的

listen in on                          偷听；窃听

 stay off                            远离；避开

Comprehending

1. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents      .

A. how to get along with a teenager      B. how to respect a teenager

C. how to understand a teenager         D. how to help a teenager grow up

2. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. become excited       B. show respect

C. refuse to talk            D. seek help

3. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager_______.

A. to use the phone in a sensible way     B. to pay for his own telephone

C. to share the phone with friends        D. to answer the phone quickly

4. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?

A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugs  B. Give him advice only when necessary

C. Let him have his own telephone            D. Not talk about personal things with him

Notes to the text

1. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.要给孩子他所需要的成长空间，同时也要适当地让他知道，如果他需要你的帮助，你仍然会在他身边，这很重要。

2. ...remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help.提醒他，如果他需要建议和帮助，你会一直在他身边。

3. …if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part–time job.如果你的思想够开放，可以允许孩子拥有自己的电话，但是必须用他的零花钱或打零工来付话费。

Learning about language

Ⅰ.Words

1. insist

1) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) 医生坚决要求他在家休息，但他坚持说自己没病。___________________________________________________________________________

3) 他坚持为我送行。___________________________________________________________________________

2. consider

1）Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) I consider him to have tried his best.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) He was considered as a burden of his family when he was old.

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 我正在考虑买一台笔记本电脑。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 我把你当做我最好的朋友。

___________________________________________________________________________

6) 我正在考虑在哪儿度过我的假期。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. likely    

1) The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）He will most likely replace you as the manager of the company.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 他很有可能明天来。(用两种方法表达)

a) ____________________________________________________________________________

b) ____________________________________________________________________________

4) 这趟火车可能会晚点。

a) ____________________________________________________________________________

b) ____________________________________________________________________________

4. attempt   

1) Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) They failed in their attempt to climb Mount Everest.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 这个囚犯试图逃跑。

a) ____________________________________________________________________________

b) ____________________________________________________________________________

5. remind 

1) At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) 这张照片使我想起了我的妈妈。

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 请提醒我明天给他回电话。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 我提醒他只剩下十分钟了。

___________________________________________________________________________

6. allow  

1) Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part–time job.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) I will allow you 10 days to consider it.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) Allowing for the possible traffic delay, we had better start off early.

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 此处不准吸烟。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 我父母晚上不允许我出去。

___________________________________________________________________________

Ⅱ．Phrases

1. except for

1) Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems,…

___________________________________________________________________________

2) He is a good man __________ his laziness.

3) He is a good man ______________he is a little lazy.

4) We all went to the cinema ________Peter.

5) I also play other ball games ________ soccer.

6) I had no choice ___________(除了等待). I had nothing to do _____________(除了等待).

7) Your composition is good ___________ a few spelling mistakes.

2. free up

1) This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) We’ll deliver the goods free of charge if you buy it.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 你能为我腾出更多的时间吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 我希望能住在一个安静的地方不受噪音干扰。

___________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ．Sentences

1．The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up.

   The +比较级+(主语+谓语)，the +比较级+(主语+谓语)（意为： 越…….,越…….）

1) The more you practice, the more perfect your skills will be.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) The higher we went up, the colder it became.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 你吃得越多，就会越胖。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 我们站得越高，就看得越远。

________________________________________________________________________

5) 多多益善。______________________________________________________________

2. …remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help.

should表示将来的可能性 ，可用于由if引导的条件句中，或将if 省略，should 提至主语前。即：If +主语+ should +动词原形…= Should +主语+动词原形…

1) Should you are in trouble, dial this number.

__________________________________________________________________________

2) If things should change suddenly, please let me know.

   __________________________________________________________________________

拓展：

判断下面句子中should的用法

1) I can’t imagine you should be so rude to your parents.

2) I suggest that you should go on a diet.

3) It’s nearly seven o’clock now. Jack should be here at any moment.

4) If you should change your mind, let me know.

5) Sorry, I am late again , I should have taken a taxi to come here.

3. Nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager.

倒装句:否定词位于句首时，用部分倒装结构(否定词+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+其它)

常用否定词有

1) By no means should we look down upon the disabled.

 __________________________________________________________________________

2) No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

__________________________________________________________________________

3) Seldom has he quarreled with his classmates.

__________________________________________________________________________

完成以下倒装句

1) Nowhere________________  find her! (我在哪儿都不能找到她!)

2) Not a single word ____________ say to me that day. (那天他一句话都没和我说。)

3) Nowhere else _______ find such bargains. (你在别的地方哪儿还能找到这么便宜的东西？)

4) I can’t do it, nor _____________ , nor can anyone. (我做不了,你也做不了，任何人都做不了。)

5) Not until I began to work ____________ realize I had wasted so much time.

(直到我开始工作，我才意识到浪费了那么多时间。)

6) Never ____________seen him before. (我以前从来没见过他。)

7) Not only _______________ give us light but also it gives us heat.

(太阳不但给我们光，而且也给我们热。)

8）Hardly _______________ home when the telephone rang .(我一到家电话就响了。)

Lesson 4

When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, cloth and cars.

    A true friendship carries a long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately, the better friends you are, the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don’t want an end to the relationship.

The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended. First, don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship, even the best people make mistakes.  Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize, give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. Third, see things from your friend’s point of view (观点). And finally, accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyles(生活方式) change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy.  The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture(培养).

Words and expressions

point out         指出；指明

ahead of            在…...之前

experience [ik'spiəriəns]   n. 经验；经历

vt. 经历；体验

connect [kə'nekt]       v. 连接；联合

treasure ['treʒə]   　        n. 财富; 珍品  

vt. 珍爱；珍藏

unfortunately [ʌn'fɔ:tʃənətli] adv.不幸地

trouble ['trʌbl]     n. 麻烦；烦恼

v. 使烦恼

mend [mend]     v. 修理；修补；修改  

get in one’s way       妨碍某人

bring out in the open      揭露;公布出来

apologise [ə'pɔlədʒaiz]     v. 道歉（apologize）

wrong  [rɔŋ, rɔ:ŋ]    　      n. 坏事；不公

v. 冤屈；无理地对待；诽谤

adj. 错误的；不适当的

adv. 错；不对

take the lead                     带头；为首

admit [əd'mit] v. 承认；准许进入；可容纳 

natural ['nætʃərəl]  　        adj. 自然的; 天生的

ups and downs  　             沉浮；盛衰；高低、

have an effort on sth            对……有影响

worth [wə:θ]                adj. 值…...的 

n. 价值

effort ['efət] 　            n. 努力

Comprehending

1. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Easy Ways to Make Friends           B. Ups and Downs in Friendship

C. How to Mend a Troubled Friendship    D. How to Take the Lead in Making Friends

2. The “wronged person” underlined in the text refers to a person______.

A. who has been mistaken for another     B. who has been blamed unfairly

C. who has treated friends badly         D. who has admitted his mistakes

3. According to the text a friendship can last long only if______.

A. we have much in common          B. we know our friends mistakes

C. we treat our disagreements wisely    D. we have known one another for long

4. What should we do if we follow the author’s second suggestion?

A. Stick to our own points of view.     B. Avoid making mistakes.

C. Make an apology first.        　　 D. Change our lifestyles.
Notes to the text

1. When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, cloth and cars. 当被要求说出一两样对自己来说最重要的事情时，很多人都会把朋友放在家庭，工作，衣服和汽车之前。

此句是一个省略句。完整的句子应该是When many were asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, cloth and cars. 如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。  

2.Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open.我们大部分人可以在分歧出现后彼此谅解。

bring out in the open 揭露，公布出来

3.Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. 有时候，被冤枉的一方首先道歉可能是最好的。

It may be best if ……如果……就最好了。

It may be best if you promise to go with you. 如果你答应与我一同前往就最好了。

It may be best if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨那就最好了。

4. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that

have an effect on all relationships.难的是怎么在人生的起起落落影响了这些关系时续保持这种良好的关系。

句中划线部分是that引导的定语从句，修饰 ups and downs .

Learning about language

I.Words

1.apologise (apologize)

1）Second, apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. ___________________________________________________________________________

2）She kept us waiting for a whole hour and she didn’t even apologise. ___________________________________________________________________________

3）The President’s speech was an effective apology for his foreign policy.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4）他因踩了我的脚而向我道歉。___________________________________________________________________________

5) 没有参加李雷的聚会，我得向他道歉。___________________________________________________________________________

2. wrong

1）  Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）  The child cannot tell right from wrong yet.

   ______________________________________________________________________________________

3）  I wronged him by saying he had lied to the teacher.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

4）She supposed, wrongly, that the other two agreed with her.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

5) The party was going well until my parents arrived, but then everything went wrong. ____________________________________________________________________________

6) 你的电脑出什么毛病了。

___________________________________________________________________________

7) 你不要冤枉他，他是一个好人。

___________________________________________________________________________3. point

1) Third, see things from your friend’s point of view.  ____________________________________________________________________________

2) There is one point where I’d like your advice.

___________________________________________________________________________

3) He quietly pointed his gun at the rare animal. ____________________________________________________________________________

4) When the mistake was pointed out to him, he hurried to correct it.

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 再议论下去也没有意义。

___________________________________________________________________________

6) 当莉丽到达时，我正要离开。

___________________________________________________________________________

7) 用手指人是不礼貌的。

___________________________________________________________________________

8）I like Mr. Minner’s speech; it was clear and ________the point.

   A. at      B. on      C. to      D. of 

9) We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk.

  A. where    B. that     C. when    D. which

4. suggestion

1) My suggestion: consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) There was a suggestion of anger on her face.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) 李峰提议去散散步。

____________________________________________________________________________4) 有人建议我们在晚会上演出一个短剧。

___________________________________________________________________________5) 约翰的表情说明他在生气。 

____________________________________________________________________________

6) 我的建议是我们马上动身出发。

   ___________________________________________________________________________

7）Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _________ (have ) a medical examination.

5. consider

1) My suggestion: consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.

_________________________________________________________________________

2) I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.

_________________________________________________________________________

3) She is a __________mother and _______ everything _________for the family.

4) 玛丽正考虑出国学习。

________________________________________________________________________

5) 我们必须考虑下一步怎么办。

________________________________________________________________________

6) 咱们想想怎样利用它。

________________________________________________________________________

7) 我将他视为我最好的朋友。

________________________________________________________________________

6. worth

1) My suggestion: consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) The book is worth what it is paid.

____________________________________________________________________________

3）The Monument to the People’s Heroes is worth _________(visit).

4) 这本小说值多少钱？

____________________________________________________________________________

5）这个博物馆很值得参观。

___________________________________________________________________________6）他的劝告对我没有用。

___________________________________________________________________________

II. Phrases

1. get in one’s way

1）I’m not used to _____________early.

2）After working hard for two weeks, he ________________ the examination finally.

3）You will soon ________________ your shyness by speaking aloud in public.

4）I _______________ the bus at the next bus stop.

5）If you continue doing such things, you will _____________ trouble sooner or later.

6）At the approach of the fall, the farmers are ______________the crops.

7）Don’t you think it is time we _____________ business?

8）If you cheat in the exam you'll never _________________ it.

9）My work is _____________ better now than it was two weeks ago.

10）The news that LiuXiang got the first place in the competition ____________soon.

11）He found it difficult to ______ his idea ______to them.

12）There is a chair. Please move it because it ______________.

2．bring out in the open

1) Science has ____________many changes in our lives.

2) The story _____________ my unhappy childhood.

3) Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to _____the city ________.

4) His work _______him _____ 1000 dollars a month.

5) Most of us can forgive each other when differences are__________________.

6) Can you make a sentence to _________ the meaning of the phrase?

7) Yuan Longping was born and _____________in China.

3. take the lead

1) 我根本不能理解你所说的话。

__________________________________________________________________________

2) 医生拨掉了约翰五颗牙。 

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 飞机正点起飞。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 我收回刚才在会上说的话。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) 请将墙上的画取下来。

___________________________________________________________________________

6) The Great Wall has _________ a new look since the liberation.

7) He is __________my job while I am on holiday.

8) When he left school he ________ journalism.

9) She volunteered to______________ in carrying out the assignment.

III. Sentence

When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves, many put friends ahead of homes, jobs, cloth and cars.

此句是状语从句中的省略现象。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和动词be。

eg: 1) Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.

2) Work hard when (you are) young, or you will regret.

3) He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.

4) While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

5) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.

6) He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.                                    

1）—Should be responsible for the accident?
   —The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ____.
   A. as told     B. as are told     C. as telling     D. as they told

2）Francis, ____ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.
A. was   B. he was  C. who is  D. although

3）Father advised me not to say anything until _____at the meeting.

A．asking B. to ask C. asked  D. ask

4）The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _____ whether he was going in the

right direction.

A．seeing B. having seen C. to see  D. to have seen

5）—How are you getting on with your work?

—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as_____.

A. plans    B. planning    C.planned   D.to plan

6）Although______ to stop, he kept on working.

  A. tell      B. telling     C. having told    D. told

7) When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing   B. introduced     C. introduce   D. being introduced

8) She hurried to leave the room as if ______.

A. she angry    B. was angry      C. it was angry   D. angry

9) Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _______.

A. like directed    B. to be directed   C. as directed    D. so that directed

10) When _______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed     B. completing     C. being completed    D. to be completed

Lesson 5

How I Turned to Be Optimistic

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America. We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which

I listened every morning.

I do not remember myself crying for this reason again. In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures. The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then.
  The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves. I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to "the hard times."
   My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.
   From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.

Words and expressions

optimistic [ɔpti'mistik]          adj. 乐观的

magical ['mædʒikəl]            adj. 不可思议的；奇妙的；有魔力的

optimism ['ɔptimizəm]           n. 乐观；乐观主义

remarried [ri:'mærid]           adj. 再婚的

complex ['kɔmpleks]           adj. 复杂的

responsibility [ri.spɔnsə'biliti]     n. 责任；义务；职责

fill out/ fill in                    填写

interview['intəvju:]             n. 接见；采访；面试；面谈

v. 采访；面试

immigration [imi'ɡreiʃən]        n. 移民

representative [repri'zentətiv]     n. 代表；代理人

eventually [i'ventʃuəli]          adv. 最后；终于

Comprehending

1. How did the author get to know America?
A. From her relatives.               B. From her mother. 

C. From books and pictures.          D. From radio programs.
2. Upon leaving for America the author felt_______.
  A. confused        B. excited        C. worried       D amazed
3. For the first two years in New York, the author _________.
  A. often lost her way                     B. did not think about her future 

C. studied in three different schools         D got on well with her stepfather
4. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 4?
  A. She worked as a translator.       

B. She attended a lot of job interviews.
  C. She paid telephone bills for her family.      

D She helped her family with her English.
5. The author believes that______.
  A. her future will be free from troubles       

B. it is difficult to learn to become patient
C. there are more good things than bad things  

D. good things will happen if one keeps trying

Notes to the text

1. I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America.那个冬夜，我和我的爸爸妈妈一起从姨妈家回来，妈妈说我们可能很快要搬到美国。从那一刻起，我开始长大。

这是一个复合句，主句为I began to grow up that winter night，when 引导定语从句，修饰that winter night. 从句中and 连接两个并列分句 my parents…house 和 my mother… for America; 在第二个分句中，that引导的从句作said 的宾语。

2. I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning.我记得，当时一想到再也听不到每天早上都收听的学生电台节目，我就难受不已。

这是一个复合句，划线部分是宾语从句，介词短语of never hearing 作后置定语，修饰the thought; 其中to which I listened every morning是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the radio program。

3. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures.我们即将离开的时候，我憧憬着所有即将看到的地方—以前只在书中和图片中看到的陌生而神奇的地方。

这是一个复合句，其中when 引导时间状语从句；划线部分为主句，其中I was going to see是省略that的定语从句，修饰the places；the strange and magical places作all the places的同位语，其中I had known only from books and pictures 是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰the strange and magical places。

Learning about language

I . Words

1.bear

1) I can’t stand/bear people interrupting all the time.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) I can’t _________this toothache any longer.

4) 他再也忍受不了她的无礼了。

____________________________________________________________________________

5）他不能忍受在全班面前被嘲笑。

____________________________________________________________________________

2. follow 

1）The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) During the days __________(接下来的那些天）he worked as a servant at the Browns’.

3) Tom walked in, with the rest of the boys__________ (follow) closely behind.

4) They arrived on Monday evening and we got there the _________（follow）day.

5) The teacher came in, ______________ by his students.

6) The students came in, _____________ his teacher.

7）他说得那么快我跟不上。

____________________________________________________________________________

8) 他后悔没听我的建议。

____________________________________________________________________________

3. responsibility

1) My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home.

____________________________________________________________________________

2) Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 90% of deaths from lung cancer.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) Don’t respond to any e-mail requesting personal information, no matter how official they look.

____________________________________________________________________________

4）I knocked on the door but there was no _____________ .

5）She feels a strong sense of ____________ towards her students.

6）She is a ________________ teacher so she is popular with her students.

7）我们应该对自己的言行负责。

____________________________________________________________________________

8）我认为我们在道义上（moral）有责任帮助穷人。

  ____________________________________________________________________________

4. common

1）From my experiences I have learned one important rule: almost all common troubles eventually go away!

___________________________________________________________________________

2) Her temperature is two degrees above ______________.

3) The __________looking teacher always makes his classes lively and interesting.

4) As __________, he went to school last Sunday.

5) Letter boxes are much more _________ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.

  A. common     B. normal      C. ordinary       D. usual

6）我们有很多共同之处。

___________________________________________________________________________

7）他和很多男孩一样喜欢棒球。

  ____________________________________________________________________________

II．Phrases

1. turn around  turn out

1）I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me.

____________________________________________________________________________

2）I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.

____________________________________________________________________________

即学即练

3)  Nobody seems to understand, so I wonder whom I can _________.

4）He was poor but proud, and _________ every offer of help.

5）To whom should we __________the keys when we leave the apartment?

6）The book you have lost will _________one of these days.

7）___________the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.

8）I have ___________ all the well-known reference books for help.

9）The job _____________to be harder than we thought.

2. in the end

1）Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little!

___________________________________________________________________________

2) 到上学期末， 我们就已学了三年英语了。

   ___________________________________________________________________________

3) 他多次努力要通过考试，最后终于成功了。

___________________________________________________________________________

4）这月底我们要参加英语考试。

___________________________________________________________________________

5) Everything between them was ___________________.

6) If you continue to steal, you’ll ___________________prison.

7) All good things ____________________.

8) He will ___________________being punished.

9) We must ___________________ this foolish behavior.

10) Sometimes we work for 24 hours _____________________.

11) The frightening noise set her hair _____________________.

III Sentences

1. Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me.

1）—Are you feeling _______?

—Yes，I'm fine now.

A. any well   B. any better  C. quite good  D. quite better

2）The experiment was_______easier than we had expected.

A. more  B. much more  C. much  D. more much

3）If there were no examinations, we should have_______at school.

A. the happiest time        B. a more happier time

C. much happiest time      D. a much happier time

2. Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.

1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.

   ___________________________________________________________________________

2) The American Civil War lasted four year before the North won in the end.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) It will be one year ____________ he finishes middle school．

4) It is ten years ____________ they last met each other．

5) It was at 12 o’clock ____________ they finished their homework.

6) It won't be long ____________you reach your goal.

7) It was 12 o’clock ____________ they finished their homework.

8) —How long have Mr.White and his wife been married?

—It’s 8 years _____ they got married.

A. since   B. when   C. after    D. before  

9) The police helicopter managed to land on the roof and rescued all the people ______ the fire burnt up to the top of the building.

A. after   B. before   C. until    D. while 

10) —Did Jack come back early last night?

—Yes. It was not eight o’clock _____ he arrived home.

A. before   B. that   C. when    D. until 

11) It was at 8 o’clock ______ he arrived home.

A. that   B. before    C. when    D. since

3. I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.

1) Things turned out to be successful as the professor had foreseen.

____________________________________________________________________________
2) It turned out that she had known him when they were children.

____________________________________________________________________________

3) As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

____________________________________________________________________________

4) 计划被证明是成功的。

____________________________________________________________________________

5) 结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师。(两种方式表达)

a)____________________________________________________________________________b)____________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 6

Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might

have a great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.

Words and expressions

aware [ə'wεə]                          adj. 知道的；意识到的

have a great influence on                     对……有重大影响

resource-hungry [ri'sɔ:s hʌŋɡri]            adj. 高耗能的

eat up                                     吃光；耗尽；击垮

chemical ['kemikəl]                      adj. 化学的

huge amounts of                             大量的

course [kɔ:s]                            n. 球场

region ['ri:dʒən]                          n. 地区

Portugal ['pɔ:tjuɡəl]                       n. 葡萄牙

responsible [ri'spɔnsəbl]                   adj. 有责任的；负责的；可靠的

shortage ['ʃɔ:tidʒ]                        n. 不足；缺乏

environment-friendly [in'vaiərənmənt 'frendli]  adj. 环保的；有利环境的

power walking                               劲走

take up                                     开始从事；拿起；占（时间，地方等）

equipment [i'kwipmənt]                    n. 设备；装备；器材

regularly ['reɡjələli]                       adv. 有规律地；定期地

anxious ['ænkʃəs]                        adj. 忧虑的；担忧的

recycled [ri:'saikld]                       adj. 回收的；循环利用的

replacement [ri'pleismənt]                  n. 替代；替代物

requirement [ri'kwaiəmənt]                 n. 要求；必需品；必要条件

membership ['membəʃip]                  n. 成员资格；会员身分

best of all                                 首先；第一；最好地

Comprehending

1. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?

   A. Cycling around a lake.

   B. Motor racing in the desert.

   C. Playing basketball in a gym.

   D. Swimming in a sports center.

2. What do we know about golf from the passage?

   A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.

   B. It causes water shortages around the world.

   C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.

   D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.

3. The author uses power walking as an example mainly because _________.

   A. it is an outdoor sport

   B. it improves our health

   C. it uses fewer resources

   D. it is recommended by experts

4. The author writes the passage to _________.

   A. show us the function of major sports

   B. encourage us to go in for green sports

   C. discuss the major influence of popular sports

   D. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports

Notes to the text

1．However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have a great influence on the environment. 然而，无论你是在山上、水里、还是草地上做运动，都应该记住，你所选择的运动可能会对环境产生巨大的影响。

这是一个比较复杂的复合句，主句为you should be aware…。Whether引导让步状语从句，选择连词or连接三个并列表语on the mountains, in the waves, on the grassland；主句中that引导宾语从句作形容词aware的宾语。

2. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas. 例如，在葡萄牙和西班牙的干旱地区，高尔夫运动会导致当地严重缺水。

此句中，画线部分为被动结构，其主动结构为hold responsible for，译为“认为某人对某事负责”。

3. Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. 无论你选择哪种运动，都可以通过使用环保器材和购买可回收材料制造的产品让你的运动更加“绿色”。

这是一个复合句。Whatever引导让步状语从句=no matter what；主句为you can make it greener…materials。形容词比较级greener作make的宾语补足语，介词短语by using …from recycled materials作方式状语。其中made from…是过去分词短语，作定语修饰products。

Learning about language

Ⅰ.Words

1. aware

1）It’s time someone made him aware of the effect of his actions.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）Health officials have tried to raise awareness about AIDS among teenagers.

___________________________________________________________________________

3）大多数吸烟者知道吸烟的危害。

___________________________________________________________________________

4）你知道你儿子在学校学习有困难吗？

___________________________________________________________________________

2. condition

1）You must on no condition tell them what happened.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）我答应把你的自行车完好无损地归还你。

___________________________________________________________________________

3) 近来我没做多少运动，所以健康不佳。

___________________________________________________________________________

4) 在我双亲也被邀请的条件下，我才会来。

___________________________________________________________________________

3. besides

1）Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）This house have got plenty of light。Besides, it is large.

___________________________________________________________________________

3）You can have any of the cakes except this one.

___________________________________________________________________________

4）除了周日，那家玩具店天天开门。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）除了荣誉外，他还得到一笔钱。

___________________________________________________________________________

6）Wendy走过来，坐在我身边。

___________________________________________________________________________

7）我不想去看电影，再说我也太累了。

___________________________________________________________________________

Ⅱ.Phrases

1. get in touch with

1）Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）我认为和朋友保持联系的最好方法是通过电子邮件。（用三种方式表达）

a)____________________________________________________________________________ b)____________________________________________________________________________ c)____________________________________________________________________________

3）不要与你的好朋友失去联系，不然你会感到孤独的。

___________________________________________________________________________

4）因为我母亲有电话，所以与她联系方便多了。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）我与他失去联络已有多年。

___________________________________________________________________________

2. keep fit

1）  We must always keep cheerful in hard time.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）  In those days they could hardly keep alive.

___________________________________________________________________________

3）  如果你想保持健康，你必须多锻炼。

___________________________________________________________________________

4）  你为什么一直不说话？

___________________________________________________________________________

5）In case of an emergency, __________________________________(你必须保持冷静)。

3. be used to do

1）I used to go to the cinema, but I can’t afford time to see films now.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）The freshmen are not used to the way of teaching and learning at the university.

___________________________________________________________________________

3）我过去常在周六钓鱼，但现在我不了。

___________________________________________________________________________

4）教室里的电脑被用来帮助我们学习。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）现在，我在巴黎已经住了6年了，我已经很习惯这里的生活了。

___________________________________________________________________________

4. take 短语

1）Power walking is one of them that you could take up today.

___________________________________________________________________________

2）The smell of seaweed took him back to his childhood.

___________________________________________________________________________

3）我真希望妈妈在这里。我实在不知道该怎样照顾生病的妹妹！

I wish mum were here. ________________________________________________________

4）他下周将接管9801班。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）尽管(despite)有雾，飞机仍然起飞了。

___________________________________________________________________________

6）他无家可归，我们就收留了他。

___________________________________________________________________________

7）He _________ a job as a teacher at the age of 22.

8）She _________him_________a genius(天才).

9）You may not __________these books_________from the library. 

10）She __________some cups __________of the cupboard.

11）The secretary entered with a pencil and paper, and___________every word the manager said.

Ⅲ.Sentence

1. 宾语补足语

1）Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition.   (v. + sth. + prep. phrase)

2）Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. (v. + sb.+ adj.)

3）Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control. (v. + sb. + do)

1）She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. (v + sb. + doing)

___________________________________________________________________________

2）Tom had his leg broken while playing football. (v + sb. + done)

___________________________________________________________________________

3）Experience will make him a man. (v + sb. + n)

___________________________________________________________________________

4）我把手套(glove)丢在公共汽车上了。

___________________________________________________________________________

5）她要尽力使自己成为一个好老师。___________________________________________________________________________

6）当他到达那里时，发现会议已经结束了。___________________________________________________________________________

7）刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。

__________________________________________________________________________

8）昨天经过她房间时，我听见她在唱英文歌。

__________________________________________________________________________

9）发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。

__________________________________________________________________________

10）我们在努力使环境变得更干净、更安全。

__________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 7

Goldie's Secret

She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away.

No way，not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.” “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her，but what could we have done？She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.

I called her Goldie. If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name. She was so unsettled during those first few days. She hardly ate anything and had such an air of sadness about her. There was nothing I could do to make her happy，it seemed. Heaven knows what had happened to her at her previous owner's. But eventually at the end of the first week she calmed down. Always by my side，whether we were out on one of our long walks or sitting by the fire.

That's why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. We were a long way from home，when she started barking and getting very restless. Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could.

By the time I reached the farm I was very tired and upset with Goldie. But when I saw her licking(舔) the four puppies(幼犬) I started to feel sympathy towards them. “We didn't know what had happened to her，” said the woman at the door. “I took her for a walk one day，soon after the puppies were born，and she just disappeared.” “She must have tried to come back to them and got lost，” added a boy from behind her.

I must admit I do miss Goldie，but I've got Nugget now，and she looks just like her mother. And I've learnt a good lesson：not to judge people.

Words and expressions

turn up                    调高音量；出现；露面

no way                    当然不；一点也不；决不；没门

anyway                adv. 无论如何；不管怎样;至少

abandon [ə'bændən]        v. 丢弃；抛弃

unsettled [ʌn'sɛt!d]       adj. 不安稳的；未定居的；未解决的

an air of sadness             悲伤的气氛

previous ['pri:vjəs]        adj. 先前的；以前的

eventually [i'ventjuəli]     adv. 最后；终于

calm                     v. 使镇定；镇定下来

  adj. 镇静的; 无风(浪)的；平静的

calm down                 镇定下来；平静下来

shock [ʃɔk]             v. 使震惊； 使电击 

n. 震惊；引起震惊的事件

pull away                  脱身；离开；驶离车站

restless ['restlis]          adj. 焦躁不安的；烦躁的

race                     v. 疾走；全速行进

n. 赛跑；竞赛

upset [ʌp'set]             v. 弄翻；搅乱；使心烦意乱；使(肠胃)不适

adj. 搅乱的；心烦意乱的；不适的

sympathy ['simpəθi]        n.. 同情；同情心

judge [dʒʌdʒ]             v. 判断；裁判；评定  

 n. 法官；裁判员

Comprehending

1．How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house?

A．Shocked.              B. Sympathetic.

C．Annoyed.              D．Upset.

2．In her first few days at the author's house，Goldie ______.

A．felt worried             B．was angry

C．ate a little               D．sat by the fire

3．Goldie rushed off to a farmhouse one day because she ______.

A．saw her puppies

B．heard familiar barkings

C．wanted to leave the author

D．found her way to her old home

4．The passage is organized in order of ______.

A．time                 B．effectiveness

C．importance            D．complexity

Notes to the text

1. No way could I have sent her away. No way，not me anyway. 我绝不可能将它拒之门外。我可绝对做不出这种事来。

2. If I had known what was going to happen I would have given her a more creative name.

 要是我当时知道后来所发生的这一切，我会给它取个更有创意的名字。

3. There was nothing I could do to make her happy似乎无论我怎么做都无法哄它开心。

4. That's why it was such a shock when she pulled away from me one day when we were out for a walk. 那天出去散步时它突然撇下我跑开，这让我很吃惊。

5. Eventually I couldn't hold her any longer and she raced off down the road towards a farmhouse in the distance as fast as she could. 最后我实在拽不住它，它便使尽全力一溜烟儿跑到远处的一个农舍去了。

Learning about language

I. Words

1. abandon   

1) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal.

___________________________________________________________________________

2) Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.

 ___________________________________________________________________________

3) The rescuers didn't abandon searching for the survivors after the earthquake.

____________________________________________________________________________4) 这个男孩沉湎于电脑游戏。

____________________________________________________________________________

5) 这个婴儿被母亲抛弃了。

___________________________________________________________________________

2. calm