内容正文:
九年级全一册
第15讲 Units 5-6
动词的语态
初中英语
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在英语中表明主语和动作之间的关系,即主语是动作的执行者还是承受者,要通过动词的形式来表示。这种动词的形式叫语态。英语动词的形式有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
She dances well. 她舞跳得很好。
1. 主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者。
主动语态和被动语态
She drives a car every day.
They are doing morning exercises.
2. 被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象。
所以只有具有动作对象的及物动词才会有被动语态。
主动语态和被动语态
The computer was repaired by my uncle yesterday.
被动语态的构成
(1)一般现在时:助动词am/ is/ are+及物动词过去分词。
Many trees are planted by the students every year.
被动语态的构成
(2)一般过去时:助动词was/were+及物动词过去分词。
A computer was bought for me by my father last Sunday.
A letter was sent one by one yesterday.
被动语态的构成
(3)一般将来时:助动词 will / shall be +及物动词过去分词。
A new bridge will be built between the two villages next month.
被动语态的构成
(4)现在进行时:助动词 am/ is/ are +being +及物动词过去分词。
Look, a wall is being built by him at the moment.
被动语态的构成
(5)过去进行时:助动词 was/were +being +及物动词过去分词。
A flower was being watered at this time yesterday.
Many stars can be seen in the sky at night.
被动语态的构成
(7)含有情态动词的:情态动词+be+及物动词过去分词。
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
被动语态的用法
⑴当我们不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。如:
The meeting will be held in Shanghai next month. 会议将于下月在上海举行。
⑵当我们侧重动作的承受者时。如:
The bridge was designed by a worker. 这座桥是由一个工人设计的。
⑶出于礼貌措辞、婉转等方面的考虑或便于组合句子。如:
You are expected to come here on time next week. 希望你下周按时来这儿。
⑷习惯上用于被动语态的动词。如:
It is said that he invented tea. 据说是他发明了茶。
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⑴将主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。
⑵主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态“be+ 过去分词”的形式,时态不变。
⑶主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语(代词时用宾格),组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。当这个动作执行者并不重要或不必强调时,常常可以省略by短语。
主动语态变被动语态
1. see/make sb. do →be seen/made to do
2. "系动词、畅销、发生、变化"无被动结构。
① feel,sound,smell,taste,look
② sell well/better/best
③ happen/ take place
④ change
易错警示
—Could you help me clean the floor, Bob?
—Wait a moment. I __ for some information about the World Cup.
A. search B. have searched
C. am searching D. was searching
(莱芜中考)
解析:考查动词的主动语态。句意:——鲍勃,你可以帮助我打扫地板吗?——等一会。我正在搜索有关世界杯的一些信息。根据Wait a moment可知,此时鲍勃正忙着,要用现在进行时的主动语态。
答案: