内容正文:
非谓语动词专项训练(北京卷)
非谓语动词(Non-finite verbs)是指动词的非时态、非人称形式,不具备主语和谓语的特点,不能独立构成句子。非谓语动词包括动词的不定式、动名词和动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。
非谓语动词在句子中常作动词的补充,修饰或限制其他词或短语。它们可以用作动词的宾语、主语、定语、状语、表语或补语等。在语法上,非谓语动词的形式一般是不受人称、时态和语态的限制,因此常用于复合句、复杂句和独立结构中。
例如,在以下句子中,动词的非谓语形式用作不同的语法功能:
I want to eat an apple. _______(不定式作宾语)
Running is good for health. _______(动名词作主语)
The book written by Mark Twain is famous. _______(过去分词作定语)
She is studying English to improve her language skills. _______(现在分词作状语,不定式作目的状语)
非谓语动词的形式和用法具有一定的灵活性和多样性,对于理解和运用英语语法非常重要。
1、 不定式作宾语
当不定式作宾语时,它通常用来表示一个动作、目的、计划、意图或建议。例句:
I want to eat an apple._______(我想吃一个苹果。)
She decided to travel around the world._______(她决定周游世界。)
They plan to start a new business._______(他们计划开展一项新业务。)
He asked me to help him with the project._______(他请我帮助他完成这个项目。)
2、 动名词作主语
动名词作主语时,它代表一个动作或活动。这种结构常用于表示一般事实、习惯或抽象概念。例句:
Running is good for health._______(跑步对健康有益。)
Reading is my favorite hobby._______(阅读是我最喜欢的爱好。)
Learning a new language requires patience._______(学习一门新语言需要耐心。)
3、 过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时,它通常修饰名词或代词,用来描述已经完成的动作或状态。例句:
The book written by Mark Twain is famous._______(马克·吐温写的那本书很有名。)
The broken vase needs to be replaced._______(那个破碎的花瓶需要被替换。)
We watched a movie directed by Steven Spielberg._______(我们看了一部史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格导演的电影。)
四、现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时,它通常描述主语的状态、原因、时间、方式或条件。例句:
She walked to work holding an umbrella._______(她撑着伞走去上班。)
Feeling tired, he decided to take a nap._______(感到疲倦,他决定小睡一会。)
The car crashed into a tree, causing extensive damage._______(汽车撞上了一棵树,造成了严重的损坏。)
五、不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语时,它用来表达动作的目的或意图。例句:
She went to the store to buy some groceries._______(她去商店买些杂货。)
He studied hard to pass the exam._______(他努力学习以通过考试。)
They traveled to Paris to experience the culture._______(他们去巴黎体验文化。)
练习
She opened the window _______(let) some fresh air in.
_______(Swim) across the lake, she reached the other side in record time.
He was excited _______(receive) the award for his outstanding performance.
They were thrilled _______(win) first place in the soccer tournament.
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