2023年中考英语语法复习之动词

动词 一、动词的分类 一）． ，又叫行为动词，意义完全且能够独立作谓语。 1) 根据能否跟宾语，分为 和 。 He died. 他死了。（不及物） He killed a dog. 他杀死了一只狗。（及物） *若不及物动词后面要加宾语，则要加上相应的介词。 Mary was born in 1995. 【小试牛刀】翻译下列句子 1.我居住在成都。 2.我会努力学习。 2) 根据动作发生在时间段还是时间点，分为 和 。 I reached the station at 5:00. 我5点到的车站。 I have been waiting here for 2 hours! 我在这等了两个钟头了！ 3) 根据其形式能否做谓语，分为谓语(do, does, did) 和非谓语动词（to do, doing, done） He loves me. 他爱我。 He loved me. 他爱过我。 loves和loved（does和did）可以作谓语，但不能说He loving或He to love. 【小试牛刀】 1.Boys, don't forget ____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing　 B. closed　 C. to closing　 D. to close 2.Remember ______ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off　 B. turning off　 C. turn off　 D. to turning off 3.I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 4.Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use B. used C. using D. use 5.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do 二）．助动词，本身无意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。对实义动词起帮助作用。 1）基本助动词帮助实义动词表达否定，疑问，被动语态和各种时态。 例： The boy is crying. (is 帮助构成现在进行时，与crying构成复合谓语) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时，与arrived构成复合谓语) The house will be sold. (will帮助构成将来时，be帮助构成被动) Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句) He doesn’t have lunch at home. (does帮助构成否定句) Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态) 2）情态助动词帮助实义动词表达说话人的情感和态度。 跟DMN（大美女）在WCSM D= 敢 M= 必须 N= 需要 WCSM= 例：对比以下两个句子 You finish your homework. You must finish your homework. 三）．系动词，用于构成“主系表”的基本句式。 例句：（注意理解特殊系动词暗含的“是”的意思） He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。 Something seems wrong. 好像(是)出差错了。 He appear