内容正文:
第二讲 非谓语动词
非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分,是语法填空的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词,在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词常考考点主要为:动词不定式的功能、动词-ing形式和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查学生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。
题型
高考典题试做
命题角度解读
语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a shared(share) future for mankind.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an,as a first step to journey(journey ) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20,planning(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
4.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible to walk(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
5.(2021·全国乙卷)Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of visiting(visit) the place.
1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等),以考查主语、宾语、状语居多;
2.考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。
短文改错
6.(2021·全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.talk→talking
7.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and...frying→fried
8.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)...and I thought it must to be easy to cook.去掉第一个to
9.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things,we may become ill.eat前加to
10.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)My mom told me how to preparing it.preparing →prepare
短文改错常考点:
1.非谓语动词的错用;
2.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用;
3.不定式符号的多余或缺失;
4.介词to与不定式符号的误判;
5.作定语的动词-ed和动词-ing形式的误用。
非谓语动词的形式及意义
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to be doing
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
动词-ing形式
一般式
doing
being done
表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或基本上同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
一般式
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语,可用so as to/in order to替换,但 so as to一般不可置于句首。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国研究人员希望利用“嫦娥四号”上的仪器,寻找和研究南极艾特肯盆地区域。
(2)作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果,常用于下列结构中:only to do;enough to do(足够做……);too...t