内容正文:
二、主谓一致
1.语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.学一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
[名师点津]
what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need most is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们最需要的是钱,而我们最需要的是课本。
(2)主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides,as well as,rather than等加名词或代词构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
I think Tom,rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
(3)and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Shakespeare.
这是莎士比亚所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in her class.
她是她班里唯一一个歌唱得很好的女生。
2.意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会议。
(2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
由于洪水严重,该地区三分之二的建筑物需要修理。
(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The young,on the one hand, often consider the old conservative; on the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面,年轻人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为年轻人经验不足。
(4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说,3 000美元是一笔大数目。
3.就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的词语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的