内容正文:
第二部分 语法考点突破
专题一 复杂多变的动词
第一讲 谓语动词
二、主谓一致
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1.语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.学一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
二、主谓一致
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[名师点津]
what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。
What they need most is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们最需要的是钱,而我们最需要的是课本。
二、主谓一致
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(2)主语后有with, together with, along with, except, besides,as well as,rather than等加名词或代词构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
I think Tom,rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
二、主谓一致
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(3)and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物,谓语动词用单数形式。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
二、主谓一致
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(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Shakespeare.
这是莎士比亚所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in her class.
她是她班里唯一一个歌唱得很好的女生。
二、主谓一致
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2.意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
(1)集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls, were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会议。
二、主谓一致
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(2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
由于洪水严重,该地区三分之二的建筑物需要修理。
二、主谓一致
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(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The young,on the one hand, often consider the old conservative; on the other hand,the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面,年轻人常认为老年人保守;另一方面,老年人总是认为年轻人经验不足。
二、主谓一致
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(4)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对于一个男孩来说,3 000美元是一笔大数目。
二、主谓一致
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3.就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动